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Illinois Compiled Statutes
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COURTS (705 ILCS 405/) Juvenile Court Act of 1987. 705 ILCS 405/Art. V Pt. 5
(705 ILCS 405/Art. V Pt. 5 heading)
PART 5.
PRETRIAL PROCEEDINGS
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705 ILCS 405/5-501
(705 ILCS 405/5-501)
Sec. 5-501. Detention or shelter care hearing. At the appearance of the minor before the court at the detention or shelter
care hearing,
the court shall receive all relevant information and evidence, including
affidavits concerning the allegations made in the petition. Evidence used by
the court in its findings or stated in or offered in connection with this
Section may be by way of proffer based on reliable information offered by the
State or minor. All evidence shall be admissible if it is relevant and
reliable regardless of whether it would be admissible under the rules of
evidence applicable at a trial. No hearing may be held unless the minor is
represented by counsel and no hearing shall be held until the minor has had adequate opportunity to consult with counsel.
(1) If the court finds that there is not probable cause to believe that the
minor is a delinquent minor, it shall release the minor and dismiss the
petition.
(2) If the court finds that there is probable cause to believe that the
minor is a
delinquent minor, the minor, the
minor's parent, guardian, custodian and other
persons able to give relevant testimony may be examined before the court. The
court may also consider any evidence by way of proffer based upon reliable
information offered by the State or the minor. All evidence, including
affidavits, shall be admissible if it is relevant and reliable regardless of
whether it would be admissible under the rules of evidence applicable at trial.
After such evidence is presented, the court may enter an order that the minor
shall be released upon the request of a parent, guardian or legal custodian if
the parent, guardian or custodian appears to take custody.
If the court finds that it is a matter of immediate and urgent necessity for
the protection of the minor or of the person or property of another that the
minor be detained or placed in a
shelter care facility or that the minor is likely to flee the jurisdiction of
the court, the court may prescribe detention or shelter care and order that the
minor be kept in a suitable place designated by the court or in a shelter care
facility designated by the Department of Children and Family Services or a
licensed child welfare agency; otherwise it shall release the minor from
custody. If the court prescribes shelter care, then in placing the minor, the
Department or other agency shall, to the extent compatible with the court's
order, comply with Section 7 of the Children and Family Services Act. In
making the determination of the existence of immediate and urgent necessity,
the court shall consider among other matters: (a) the nature and seriousness of
the alleged offense; (b) the minor's record of delinquency offenses,
including whether the minor has delinquency cases pending; (c) the minor's
record of willful failure to appear following the issuance of a summons or
warrant; (d) the availability of non-custodial alternatives, including the
presence of a parent, guardian or other responsible relative able and willing
to provide supervision and care for the minor and to assure the
minor's
compliance with a summons. If the minor is ordered placed in a shelter care
facility of a licensed child welfare agency, the court shall, upon request of
the agency, appoint the appropriate agency executive temporary custodian of the
minor and the court may enter such other orders related to the temporary
custody of the minor as it deems fit and proper.
If the court prescribes detention, and the minor is a youth in care of the Department of Children and Family Services, a hearing shall be held every 14 days to determine whether there is an urgent and immediate necessity to detain the minor for the protection of the person or property of another. If urgent and immediate necessity is not found on the basis of the protection of the person or property of another, the minor shall be released to the custody of the Department of Children and Family Services. If the court prescribes detention based on the minor being likely to flee the jurisdiction, and the minor is a youth in care of the Department of Children and Family Services, a hearing shall be held every 7 days for status on the location of shelter care placement by the Department of Children and Family Services. Detention shall not be used as a shelter care placement for minors in the custody or guardianship of the Department of Children and Family Services. The order together with the court's findings of fact in support of the order
shall
be entered
of record in the court.
Once the court finds that it is a matter of immediate and urgent necessity
for the protection of the minor that the minor be placed in a shelter care
facility, the minor shall not be returned to the parent, custodian or guardian
until the court finds that the placement is no longer necessary for the
protection of the minor.
(3) Only when there is reasonable cause to believe that the minor taken
into custody is a delinquent minor may the minor be kept or detained in a
facility authorized for juvenile detention. This Section shall in no way be
construed to limit
subsection (4).
(4)(a) Minors 12 years of age or older must be kept separate from confined
adults and may not at any time be kept in the same cell, room or yard with
confined adults. This paragraph (4) shall only apply to confinement pending an adjudicatory hearing
and
shall not exceed 40 hours, excluding Saturdays, Sundays, and court designated
holidays. To accept or hold minors during this time period, county jails shall
comply with all monitoring standards adopted
by the Department of Corrections and training standards approved by the
Illinois Law Enforcement Training Standards Board.
(b) To accept or hold minors, 12 years of age or older, after the time
period prescribed in clause (a) of subsection (4) of this Section but not
exceeding 7
days including Saturdays, Sundays, and holidays, pending an adjudicatory
hearing, county jails shall comply with all temporary detention standards adopted
by
the Department of Corrections and training standards approved by the Illinois
Law Enforcement Training Standards Board.
(c) To accept or hold minors 12 years of age or older after the time
period prescribed in clause (a) and (b) of this subsection, county jails shall
comply with all county juvenile detention standards adopted by the Department of Juvenile Justice.
(5) If the minor is not brought before a judicial officer within the time
period as specified in Section 5-415, the minor must immediately be released
from
custody.
(6) If neither the parent, guardian, or legal custodian appears within 24
hours to take custody of a minor released from detention or shelter care, then
the clerk of the court shall set the matter for rehearing not later than 7 days
after the original order and shall issue a summons directed to the parent,
guardian, or legal custodian to appear. At the same time the probation
department shall prepare a report on the minor. If a parent, guardian, or legal
custodian does not appear at such rehearing, the judge may enter an order
prescribing that the minor be kept in a suitable place designated by the
Department of Human Services or a licensed child welfare agency.
The time during which a minor is in custody after being released upon the
request of a parent, guardian, or legal custodian shall be considered as time
spent in detention for purposes of scheduling the trial.
(7) Any party, including the State, the temporary custodian, an agency
providing services to the minor or family under a service plan pursuant to
Section 8.2 of the Abused and Neglected Child Reporting Act, foster parent, or
any of their representatives, may file a
motion to modify or vacate a temporary custody order or vacate a detention or
shelter care order on any of the following grounds:
(a) It is no longer a matter of immediate and urgent | | necessity that the minor remain in detention or shelter care; or
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(b) There is a material change in the circumstances
| | of the natural family from which the minor was removed; or
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(c) A person, including a parent, relative, or legal
| | guardian, is capable of assuming temporary custody of the minor; or
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(d) Services provided by the Department of Children
| | and Family Services or a child welfare agency or other service provider have been successful in eliminating the need for temporary custody.
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The clerk shall set the matter for hearing not later than 14 days after such
motion is filed. In the event that the court modifies or vacates a temporary
order but does not vacate its finding of probable cause, the court may order
that appropriate services be continued or initiated on behalf of the minor and the
minor's
family.
(8) Whenever a petition has been filed under Section 5-520, the court can,
at
any time prior to trial or sentencing, order that the minor be placed in
detention or a shelter care facility after the court conducts a hearing and
finds that the conduct and behavior of the minor may endanger the health,
person, welfare, or property of the
minor or others or that the circumstances
of the
minor's home environment may endanger the
minor's health, person, welfare,
or property.
(Source: P.A. 102-654, eff. 1-1-23; 102-813, eff. 5-13-22; 103-22, eff. 8-8-23.)
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705 ILCS 405/5-505
(705 ILCS 405/5-505)
Sec. 5-505. Pre-trial conditions order.
(1) If a minor is charged with the commission of a delinquent act, at any
appearance of the minor before the court prior to trial, the court may conduct
a hearing to determine whether the minor should be required to do any of the
following:
(a) not violate any criminal statute of any | |
(b) make a report to and appear in person before any
| | person or agency as directed by the court;
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(c) refrain from possessing a firearm or other
| | dangerous weapon, or an automobile;
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(d) reside with the minor's parents or in a foster
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(e) attend school;
(f) attend a non-residential program for youth;
(g) comply with curfew requirements as designated by
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(h) refrain from entering into a designated
| | geographic area except upon terms as the court finds appropriate. The terms may include consideration of the purpose of the entry, the time of day, other persons accompanying the minor, advance approval by the court, and any other terms the court may deem appropriate;
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(i) refrain from having any contact, directly or
| | indirectly, with certain specified persons or particular types of persons, including but not limited to members of street gangs and drug users or dealers;
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(j) comply with any other conditions as may be
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No hearing may be held unless the minor is represented by counsel. If the
court determines that there is probable cause to believe the minor is a
delinquent minor and that it is in the best interests of the minor that the
court impose any or all of the conditions listed in paragraphs (a) through (j)
of this subsection (1), then the court
shall order the minor to abide by all of the conditions ordered by the court.
(2) If the court issues a pre-trial conditions order as provided in
subsection (1), the court shall inform the minor and provide a copy of the
pre-trial conditions order effective under this
Section.
(3) The provisions of the pre-trial conditions order issued under this
Section may be continued through the sentencing hearing if the court deems the
action reasonable and necessary. Nothing in this Section shall preclude the
minor from applying to the court at any time for modification or dismissal of
the order or the State's Attorney from applying to the court at any time for
additional provisions under the pre-trial conditions order, modification of the
order, or dismissal of the order.
(Source: P.A. 103-22, eff. 8-8-23.)
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705 ILCS 405/5-510
(705 ILCS 405/5-510)
Sec. 5-510.
Restraining order against juvenile.
(1) If a minor is charged with the commission of a delinquent act, the
court may conduct a hearing to determine whether an order shall be issued
against the minor restraining the minor from harassing, molesting,
intimidating, retaliating against, or tampering with a witness to or a victim
of the delinquent act charged. No hearing may be held unless the minor is
represented by counsel. If the court determines that there is probable cause
to believe that the minor is a delinquent minor and that it is a matter of
immediate and urgent necessity for the protection of a witness to or a victim
of the delinquent act charged against the minor, the court may issue a
restraining order against the minor restraining the minor from harassing,
molesting, intimidating, retaliating against, or tampering with the witness or
victim. The order
together with the court's finding of fact in support of the order shall be
entered of record in the court.
(2) If the court issues a restraining order as provided in subsection (1),
the court shall inform the minor of the restraining order effective under this
Section.
(3) The provisions of the restraining order issued under this Section may
be continued by the court after the sentencing hearing if the court deems the
action reasonable and necessary. Nothing in this Section shall preclude the
minor from applying to the court at any time for modification or dismissal of
the order or the State's Attorney from applying to the
court at any time for additional provisions under the restraining order,
modification of the order, or dismissal of the order.
(Source: P.A. 90-590, eff. 1-1-99.)
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705 ILCS 405/5-515
(705 ILCS 405/5-515)
Sec. 5-515.
Medical and dental treatment and care.
At all times during temporary custody, detention or shelter care, the court may
authorize a physician, a hospital or any other appropriate health care provider
to provide medical, dental or surgical procedures if those procedures are
necessary to safeguard the minor's life or health.
If the minor is covered under an existing medical or dental plan, the county
shall be reimbursed for the expenses incurred for such services as if the minor
were not held in temporary custody, detention, or shelter care.
(Source: P.A. 90-590, eff. 1-1-99.)
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705 ILCS 405/5-520
(705 ILCS 405/5-520)
Sec. 5-520. Petition; supplemental petitions.
(1) The State's Attorney may file, or the
court on its
own motion may direct the filing through the State's Attorney of, a petition in
respect to a minor under this Act. The petition and all subsequent court
documents shall be entitled "In the interest of ...., a minor".
(2) The petition shall be verified but the statements may be made upon
information and belief. It shall allege that the minor is delinquent and set
forth (a) facts sufficient to bring the minor under Section 5-120; (b) the
name,
age and residence of the minor; (c) the names and residences of the minor's parents;
(d) the name and residence of the minor's guardian or legal custodian or the
person or
persons having custody or control of the minor, or of the nearest known
relative if no parent, guardian or legal custodian can be found; and (e) if
the minor upon whose behalf
the petition is brought is detained or sheltered in custody, the date on which
detention or shelter care was ordered by the court or the date set for a
detention or shelter care hearing. If any of the facts required by this
subsection (2) are not known by the petitioner, the petition shall so state.
(3) The petition must pray that the minor be adjudged a ward of the court
and may pray generally for relief available under this Act. The petition need
not specify any proposed disposition following adjudication of wardship.
(4) At any time before dismissal of the petition or before final closing
and discharge under Section 5-750, one or more supplemental petitions may be
filed (i) alleging new offenses
or (ii) alleging violations of orders entered by the court in the delinquency
proceeding.
(Source: P.A. 103-22, eff. 8-8-23.)
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705 ILCS 405/5-525 (705 ILCS 405/5-525) Sec. 5-525. Service. (1) Service by summons. (a) Upon the commencement of a delinquency | | prosecution, the clerk of the court shall issue a summons with a copy of the petition attached. The summons shall be directed to the minor's parent, guardian or legal custodian and to each person named as a respondent in the petition, except that summons need not be directed (i) to a minor respondent under 8 years of age for whom the court appoints a guardian ad litem if the guardian ad litem appears on behalf of the minor in any proceeding under this Act, or (ii) to a parent who does not reside with the minor, does not make regular child support payments to the minor, to the minor's other parent, or to the minor's legal guardian or custodian pursuant to a support order, and has not communicated with the minor on a regular basis.
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| (b) The summons must contain a statement that the
| | minor is entitled to have an attorney present at the hearing on the petition, and that the clerk of the court should be notified promptly if the minor desires to be represented by an attorney but is financially unable to employ counsel.
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| (c) The summons shall be issued under the seal of the
| | court, attested in and signed with the name of the clerk of the court, dated on the day it is issued, and shall require each respondent to appear and answer the petition on the date set for the adjudicatory hearing.
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| (d) The summons may be served by any law enforcement
| | officer, coroner or probation officer, even though the officer is the petitioner. The return of the summons with endorsement of service by the officer is sufficient proof of service.
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| (e) Service of a summons and petition shall be made
| | by: (i) leaving a copy of the summons and petition with the person summoned at least 3 days before the time stated in the summons for appearance; (ii) leaving a copy at the summoned person's usual place of abode with some person of the family, of the age of 10 years or upwards, and informing that person of the contents of the summons and petition, provided, the officer or other person making service shall also send a copy of the summons in a sealed envelope with postage fully prepaid, addressed to the person summoned at the person's usual place of abode, at least 3 days before the time stated in the summons for appearance; or (iii) leaving a copy of the summons and petition with the guardian or custodian of a minor, at least 3 days before the time stated in the summons for appearance. If the guardian or legal custodian is an agency of the State of Illinois, proper service may be made by leaving a copy of the summons and petition with any administrative employee of the agency designated by the agency to accept the service of summons and petitions. The certificate of the officer or affidavit of the person that the officer or person has sent the copy pursuant to this Section is sufficient proof of service.
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| (f) When a parent or other person, who has signed a
| | written promise to appear and bring the minor to court or who has waived or acknowledged service, fails to appear with the minor on the date set by the court, a bench warrant may be issued for the parent or other person, the minor, or both.
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| (2) Service by certified mail or publication.
(a) If service on individuals as provided in
| | subsection (1) is not made on any respondent within a reasonable time or if it appears that any respondent resides outside the State, service may be made by certified mail. In that case the clerk shall mail the summons and a copy of the petition to that respondent by certified mail marked for delivery to addressee only. The court shall not proceed with the adjudicatory hearing until 5 days after the mailing. The regular return receipt for certified mail is sufficient proof of service.
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| (b) If service upon individuals as provided in
| | subsection (1) is not made on any respondents within a reasonable time or if any person is made a respondent under the designation of "All Whom It May Concern", or if service cannot be made because the whereabouts of a respondent are unknown, service may be made by publication. The clerk of the court as soon as possible shall cause publication to be made once in a newspaper of general circulation in the county where the action is pending. Service by publication is not required in any case when the person alleged to have legal custody of the minor has been served with summons personally or by certified mail, but the court may not enter any order or judgment against any person who cannot be served with process other than by publication unless service by publication is given or unless that person appears. Failure to provide service by publication to a non-custodial parent whose whereabouts are unknown shall not deprive the court of jurisdiction to proceed with a trial or a plea of delinquency by the minor. When a minor has been detained or sheltered under Section 5-501 of this Act and summons has not been served personally or by certified mail within 20 days from the date of the order of court directing such detention or shelter care, the clerk of the court shall cause publication. Service by publication shall be substantially as follows:
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| "A, B, C, D, (here giving the names of the named
| | respondents, if any) and to All Whom It May Concern (if there is any respondent under that designation):
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| Take notice that on (insert date) a petition was
| | filed under the Juvenile Court Act of 1987 by .... in the circuit court of .... county entitled 'In the interest of ...., a minor', and that in .... courtroom at .... on (insert date) at the hour of ...., or as soon thereafter as this cause may be heard, an adjudicatory hearing will be held upon the petition to have the child declared to be a ward of the court under that Act. The court has authority in this proceeding to take from you the custody and guardianship of the minor.
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| Now, unless you appear at the hearing and show
| | cause against the petition, the allegations of the petition may stand admitted as against you and each of you, and an order or judgment entered.
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| ........................................
Clerk
Dated (insert the date of publication)"
(c) The clerk shall also at the time of the
| | publication of the notice send a copy of the notice by mail to each of the respondents on account of whom publication is made at each respondent's last known address. The certificate of the clerk that the clerk has mailed the notice is evidence of that mailing. No other publication notice is required. Every respondent notified by publication under this Section must appear and answer in open court at the hearing. The court may not proceed with the adjudicatory hearing until 10 days after service by publication on any custodial parent, guardian or legal custodian of a minor alleged to be delinquent.
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| (d) If it becomes necessary to change the date set
| | for the hearing in order to comply with this Section, notice of the resetting of the date must be given, by certified mail or other reasonable means, to each respondent who has been served with summons personally or by certified mail.
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| (3) Once jurisdiction has been established over a party, further service is not required and notice of any subsequent proceedings in that prosecution shall be made in accordance with provisions of Section 5-530.
(4) The appearance of the minor's parent, guardian, or legal custodian, or a person named as a respondent in a petition, in any proceeding under this Act shall constitute a waiver of service and submission to the jurisdiction of the court. A copy of the petition shall be provided to the person at the time of the person's appearance.
(5) Fines or assessments, such as fees or administrative costs in the service of process, shall not be ordered or imposed on a minor or a minor's parent, guardian, or legal custodian.
(Source: P.A. 103-22, eff. 8-8-23; 103-379, eff. 7-28-23; 103-605, eff. 7-1-24.)
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705 ILCS 405/5-530
(705 ILCS 405/5-530)
Sec. 5-530. Notice.
(1) A party presenting a supplemental or amended petition or motion to the
court shall provide the other parties with a copy of any supplemental or
amended petition, motion or accompanying affidavit not yet served upon that
party, and shall file proof of that service, in accordance with subsections
(2), (3),
and (4) of this Section. Written notice of the date, time and place of the
hearing,
shall be provided to all parties in accordance with local court rules.
(2)(a) On whom made. If a party is represented by an attorney of record,
service shall be made upon the attorney. Otherwise service shall be made upon
the party.
(b) Method. Papers shall be served as follows:
(1) by delivering them to the attorney or party | |
(2) by leaving them in the office of the attorney
| | with the attorney's clerk, or with a person in charge of the office; or if a party is not represented by counsel, by leaving them at the party's residence with a family member of the age of 10 years or upwards;
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(3) by depositing them in the United States post
| | office or post-office box enclosed in an envelope, plainly addressed to the attorney at the attorney's business address, or to the party at the party's business address or residence, with postage fully pre-paid; or
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(4) by transmitting them via facsimile machine to the
| | office of the attorney or party, who has consented to receiving service by facsimile transmission. Briefs filed in reviewing courts shall be served in accordance with Supreme Court Rule.
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(i) A party or attorney electing to serve
| | pleading by facsimile must include on the certificate of service transmitted the telephone number of the sender's facsimile transmitting device. Use of service by facsimile shall be deemed consent by that party or attorney to receive service by facsimile transmission. Any party may rescind consent of service by facsimile transmission in a case by filing with the court and serving a notice on all parties or their attorneys who have filed appearances that facsimile service will not be accepted. A party or attorney who has rescinded consent to service by facsimile transmission in a case may not serve another party or attorney by facsimile transmission in that case.
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(ii) Each page of notices and documents
| | transmitted by facsimile pursuant to this rule should bear the circuit court number, the title of the document, and the page number.
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(c) Multiple parties or attorneys. In cases in which there are 2 or
more
minor-respondents who appear by different attorneys, service on all papers
shall be made on the attorney for each of the parties. If one attorney appears
for several parties, the attorney is entitled to only one copy of any paper served
upon the attorney
by the opposite side. When more than one attorney appears for a
party,
service of a copy upon one of them is sufficient.
(3)(a) Filing. When service of a paper is required, proof of service shall
be
filed with the clerk.
(b) Manner of Proof. Service is proved:
(i) by written acknowledgment signed by the person
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(ii) in case of service by personal delivery, by
| | certificate of the attorney, or affidavit of a person, other than an attorney, who made delivery;
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(iii) in case of service by mail, by certificate of
| | the attorney, or affidavit of a person other than the attorney, who deposited the paper in the mail, stating the time and place of mailing, the complete address which appeared on the envelope, and the fact that proper postage was pre-paid; or
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(iv) in case of service by facsimile transmission, by
| | certificate of the attorney or affidavit of a person other than the attorney, who transmitted the paper via facsimile machine, stating the time and place of transmission, the telephone number to which the transmission was sent and the number of pages transmitted.
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(c) Effective date of service by mail. Service by mail is complete 4
days
after mailing.
(d) Effective date of service by facsimile transmission. Service by
facsimile
machine is complete on the first court day following transmission.
(Source: P.A. 103-22, eff. 8-8-23.)
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