Information maintained by the Legislative Reference Bureau
Updating the database of the Illinois Compiled Statutes (ILCS) is an ongoing process. Recent laws may not yet be included in the ILCS database, but they are found on this site as Public Acts soon after they become law. For information concerning the relationship between statutes and Public Acts, refer to the Guide.

Because the statute database is maintained primarily for legislative drafting purposes, statutory changes are sometimes included in the statute database before they take effect. If the source note at the end of a Section of the statutes includes a Public Act that has not yet taken effect, the version of the law that is currently in effect may have already been removed from the database and you should refer to that Public Act to see the changes made to the current law.

VEHICLES
(625 ILCS 5/) Illinois Vehicle Code.

625 ILCS 5/3-642

    (625 ILCS 5/3-642)
    Sec. 3-642. Silver Star plates.
    (a) The Secretary, upon receipt of all applicable fees and applications made in the form prescribed by the Secretary, may issue special registration plates to residents of Illinois who have been awarded the Silver Star by the United States Armed Forces. The Secretary, upon receipt of the proper applications and fees, may also issue these special registration plates to an Illinois resident who is the surviving spouse of a person who was awarded the Silver Star by a branch of the armed forces of the United States. The special plate issued under this Section shall be affixed only to passenger vehicles of the first division, motorcycles, or motor vehicles of the second division weighing not more than 8,000 pounds. Plates issued under this Section shall expire according to the staggered multi-year procedure established by Section 3-414.1 of this Code.
    (b) The design, color, and format of the plates shall be wholly within the discretion of the Secretary. The Secretary may, in his or her discretion, allow the plates to be issued as vanity plates or personalized in accordance with Section 3-405.1 of this Code. The plates are not required to designate "Land Of Lincoln", as prescribed in subsection (b) of Section 3-412 of this Code. The Secretary shall prescribe the eligibility requirements and, in his or her discretion, shall approve and prescribe stickers or decals as provided under Section 3-412.
    (c) (Blank).
(Source: P.A. 93-140, eff. 1-1-04; 93-937, eff. 1-1-05; 94-343, eff. 1-1-06.)

625 ILCS 5/3-643

    (625 ILCS 5/3-643)
    Sec. 3-643. Mammogram license plates.
    (a) The Secretary, upon receipt of an application made in the form prescribed by the Secretary, may issue special registration plates designated as Mammogram license plates. The special plates issued under this Section shall be affixed only to passenger vehicles of the first division and motor vehicles of the second division weighing not more than 8,000 pounds. Plates issued under this Section shall expire according to the multi-year procedure established by Section 3-414.1 of this Code.
    (b) The design and color of the plates is wholly within the discretion of the Secretary, except that the phrase "Mammograms Save Lives" shall be on the plates. The Secretary may allow the plates to be issued as vanity plates or personalized under Section 3-405.1 of the Code. The Secretary shall prescribe stickers or decals as provided under Section 3-412 of this Code.
    (c) An applicant for the special plate shall be charged a $25 fee for original issuance in addition to the appropriate registration fee. Of this fee, $10 shall be deposited into the Mammogram Fund and $15 shall be deposited into the Secretary of State Special License Plate Fund, to be used by the Secretary to help defray the administrative processing costs.
    For each registration renewal period, a $25 fee, in addition to the appropriate registration fee, shall be charged. Of this fee, $23 shall be deposited into the Mammogram Fund and $2 shall be deposited into the Secretary of State Special License Plate Fund.
    (d) The Mammogram Fund is created as a special fund in the State treasury. All money in the Mammogram Fund shall be paid, subject to appropriation by the General Assembly and distribution by the Illinois Department of Public Health, to the Illinois Breast and Cervical Cancer Program for patient navigation services specifically for populations with the highest rates of breast cancer mortality in the State.
(Source: P.A. 102-967, eff. 1-1-23.)

625 ILCS 5/3-644

    (625 ILCS 5/3-644)
    Sec. 3-644. Police Memorial Committee license plates.
    (a) The Secretary, upon receipt of an application made in the form prescribed by the Secretary, may issue special registration plates designated as Police Memorial Committee license plates. The special plates issued under this Section shall be affixed only to passenger vehicles of the first division and motor vehicles of the second division weighing not more than 8,000 pounds. Plates issued under this Section shall expire according to the multi-year procedure established by Section 3-414.1 of this Code.
    (b) The design and color of the plates is wholly within the discretion of the Secretary. The Secretary may allow the plates to be issued as vanity plates or personalized under Section 3-405.1 of the Code. The Secretary shall prescribe stickers or decals as provided under Section 3-412 of this Code.
    (c) An applicant for the special plate shall be charged a $25 fee for original issuance in addition to the appropriate registration fee. Of this fee, $10 shall be deposited into the Police Memorial Committee Fund and $15 shall be deposited into the Secretary of State Special License Plate Fund, to be used by the Secretary to help defray the administrative processing costs.
    For each registration renewal period, a $25 fee, in addition to the appropriate registration fee, shall be charged. Of this fee, $23 shall be deposited into the Police Memorial Committee Fund and $2 shall be deposited into the Secretary of State Special License Plate Fund.
    (d) The Police Memorial Committee Fund is created as a special fund in the State treasury. All money in the Police Memorial Committee Fund shall be paid, subject to appropriation by the General Assembly and distribution by the Secretary, as grants to the Police Memorial Committee for maintaining a memorial statue, holding an annual memorial commemoration, and giving scholarships or grants to children and spouses of police officers killed in the line of duty.
(Source: P.A. 101-376, eff. 8-16-19.)

625 ILCS 5/3-645

    (625 ILCS 5/3-645)
    Sec. 3-645. Vietnam Veteran License Plates.
    (a) In addition to any other special license plate, the Secretary, upon receipt of all applicable fees and applications made in the form prescribed by the Secretary of State, may issue Vietnam Veteran license plates to residents of Illinois who meet eligibility requirements prescribed by the Secretary of State. The special Vietnam Veteran plate issued under this Section shall be affixed only to passenger vehicles of the first division, motorcycles, and motor vehicles of the second division weighing not more than 8,000 pounds. Plates issued under this Section shall expire according to the staggered multi-year procedure established by Section 3-414.1 of this Code.
    (b) The design, color, and format of the plates shall be wholly within the discretion of the Secretary of State. The Secretary may, in his or her discretion, allow the plates to be issued as vanity plates or personalized in accordance with Section 3-405.1 of this Code. The plates are not required to designate "Land Of Lincoln", as prescribed in subsection (b) of Section 3-412 of this Code. The Secretary shall prescribe the eligibility requirements and, in his or her discretion, shall approve and prescribe stickers or decals as provided under Section 3-412.
    (c) (Blank).
(Source: P.A. 96-1409, eff. 1-1-11.)

625 ILCS 5/3-646

    (625 ILCS 5/3-646)
    Sec. 3-646. Organ Donor Awareness license plates.
    (a) The Secretary, upon receipt of an application made in the form prescribed by the Secretary, may issue special registration plates designated as Organ Donor Awareness license plates. The special plates issued under this Section shall be affixed only to passenger vehicles of the first division and motor vehicles of the second division weighing not more than 8,000 pounds. Plates issued under this Section shall expire according to the multi-year procedure established by Section 3-414.1 of this Code.
    (b) The design and color of the plates is wholly within the discretion of the Secretary, except that the phrase "Be An Organ Donor" shall be on the plates, and the design of the plates shall incorporate a reference to the Chicago Bears organization and Walter Payton. The Secretary may allow the plates to be issued as vanity plates or personalized under Section 3-405.1 of the Code. The Secretary shall prescribe stickers or decals as provided under Section 3-412 of this Code.
    (c) An applicant for the special plate shall be charged a $25 fee for original issuance in addition to the appropriate registration fee. Of this additional fee, $10 shall be deposited into the Organ Donor Awareness Fund and $15 shall be deposited into the Secretary of State Special License Plate Fund, to be used by the Secretary to help defray the administrative processing costs.
    For each registration renewal period, a $25 fee, in addition to the appropriate registration fee, shall be charged. Of this additional fee, $23 shall be deposited into the Organ Donor Awareness Fund and $2 shall be deposited into the Secretary of State Special License Plate Fund.
    (d) The Organ Donor Awareness Fund is created as a special fund in the State treasury. Subject to appropriation by the General Assembly and approval by the Secretary, 50% of the moneys in the Organ Donor Awareness Fund shall be paid as grants to the Gift of Hope Organ and Tissue Donor Network, and the remaining 50% of the moneys in that fund shall be paid as grants to Mid-America Transplant Services, or pursuant to any alternative distribution ratio mutually agreed upon by these 2 organizations.
(Source: P.A. 97-409, eff. 1-1-12.)

625 ILCS 5/3-647

    (625 ILCS 5/3-647)
    Sec. 3-647. World War II Veteran License Plates.
    (a) In addition to any other special license plate, the Secretary, upon receipt of all applicable fees and applications made in the form prescribed by the Secretary of State, may issue World War II Veteran license plates to residents of Illinois who meet eligibility requirements prescribed by the Secretary of State. The special World War II Veteran plate issued under this Section shall be affixed only to passenger vehicles of the first division, motorcycles, and motor vehicles of the second division weighing not more than 8,000 pounds. Plates issued under this Section shall expire according to the staggered multi-year procedure established by Section 3-414.1 of this Code.
    (b) The design, color, and format of the plates shall be wholly within the discretion of the Secretary of State. The Secretary may, in his or her discretion, allow the plates to be issued as vanity plates or personalized in accordance with Section 3-405.1 of this Code. The plates are not required to designate "Land Of Lincoln", as prescribed in subsection (b) of Section 3-412 of this Code. The Secretary shall prescribe the eligibility requirements and, in his or her discretion, shall approve and prescribe stickers or decals as provided under Section 3-412.
    (c) (Blank).
(Source: P.A. 96-1409, eff. 1-1-11.)

625 ILCS 5/3-648

    (625 ILCS 5/3-648)
    Sec. 3-648. Education license plates.
    (a) The Secretary, upon receipt of an application made in the form prescribed by the Secretary, may issue special registration plates designated as Education license plates. The special plates issued under this Section shall be affixed only to passenger vehicles of the first division and motor vehicles of the second division weighing not more than 8,000 pounds. Plates issued under this Section shall expire according to the multi-year procedure established by Section 3-414.1 of this Code.
    (b) The design and color of the plates shall be determined by a contest that every elementary school pupil in the State of Illinois is eligible to enter. The designs submitted for the contest shall be judged on September 30, 2002, and the winning design shall be selected by a committee composed of the Secretary, the Director of State Police, 2 members of the Senate, one member chosen by the President of the Senate and one member chosen by the Senate Minority Leader, and 2 members of the House of Representatives, one member chosen by the Speaker of the House and one member chosen by the House Minority Leader. The Secretary may allow the plates to be issued as vanity or personalized plates under Section 3-405.1 of the Code. The Secretary shall prescribe stickers or decals as provided under Section 3-412 of this Code.
    (c) An applicant for the special plate shall be charged a $40 fee for original issuance, in addition to the appropriate registration fee. Of this $40 additional original issuance fee, $15 shall be deposited into the Secretary of State Special License Plate Fund, to be used by the Secretary to help defray the administrative processing costs, and $25 shall be deposited into the Golden Apple Scholars of Illinois Fund. For each registration renewal period, a $40 fee, in addition to the appropriate registration fee, shall be charged. Of this $40 additional renewal fee, $2 shall be deposited into the Secretary of State Special License Plate Fund and $38 shall be deposited into the Golden Apple Scholars of Illinois Fund. Each fiscal year, once deposits from the additional original issuance and renewal fees into the Secretary of State Special License Plate Fund have reached $500,000, all the amounts received for the additional fees for the balance of the fiscal year shall be deposited into the Golden Apple Scholars of Illinois Fund.
    (d) The Golden Apple Scholars of Illinois Fund is created as a special fund in the State treasury. All moneys in the Golden Apple Scholars of Illinois Fund shall be apportioned according to Section 52 of the Higher Education Student Assistance Act.
(Source: P.A. 98-533, eff. 8-23-13.)

625 ILCS 5/3-649

    (625 ILCS 5/3-649)
    Sec. 3-649. West Point Bicentennial license plates.
    (a) In addition to any other special license plate, the Secretary, upon receipt of all applicable fees and applications made in the form prescribed by the Secretary of State, may issue West Point Bicentennial license plates to commemorate the 200th anniversary of the founding of the United States Military Academy at West Point, N.Y. The special West Point Bicentennial plate issued under this Section shall be affixed only to passenger vehicles of the first division and motor vehicles of the second division weighing not more than 8,000 pounds. Plates issued under this Section shall expire according to the staggered multi-year procedure established by Section 3-414.1 of this Code.
    (b) The design, color, and format of the plates shall be wholly within the discretion of the Secretary of State. The Secretary may, in his or her discretion, allow the plates to be issued as vanity plates or personalized in accordance with Section 3-405.1 of this Code. The plates are not required to designate "Land Of Lincoln", as prescribed in subsection (b) of Section 3-412 of this Code. The Secretary shall approve and prescribe stickers or decals as provided under Section 3-412.
    (c) An applicant shall be charged a $15 fee for original issuance in addition to the applicable registration fee. This additional fee shall be deposited into the Secretary of State Special License Plate Fund. For each registration renewal period, a $2 fee, in addition to the appropriate registration fee, shall be charged and shall be deposited into the Secretary of State Special License Plate Fund.
(Source: P.A. 92-477, eff. 1-1-02.)

625 ILCS 5/3-650

    (625 ILCS 5/3-650)
    Sec. 3-650. Army Combat Veteran license plates.
    (a) In addition to any other special license plate, the Secretary, upon receipt of all applicable fees and applications made in the form prescribed by the Secretary of State, may issue Army Combat Veteran license plates to residents of Illinois who meet eligibility requirements prescribed by the Secretary of State. The special Army Combat Veteran plate issued under this Section shall be affixed only to passenger vehicles of the first division, motorcycles, and motor vehicles of the second division weighing not more than 8,000 pounds. Plates issued under this Section shall expire according to the staggered multi-year procedure established by Section 3-414.1 of this Code.
    (b) The plates shall display the Army Combat Infantry Badge. In all other respects, the design, color, and format of the plates shall be within the discretion of the Secretary of State. The Secretary may, in his or her discretion, allow the plates to be issued as vanity plates or personalized in accordance with Section 3-405.1 of this Code. The plates are not required to designate "Land Of Lincoln", as prescribed in subsection (b) of Section 3-412 of this Code. The Secretary shall prescribe the eligibility requirements and, in his or her discretion, shall approve and prescribe stickers or decals as provided under Section 3-412.
    (c) (Blank).
(Source: P.A. 96-1409, eff. 1-1-11.)

625 ILCS 5/3-651

    (625 ILCS 5/3-651)
    Sec. 3-651. U.S. Marine Corps license plates.
    (a) In addition to any other special license plate, the Secretary, upon receipt of all applicable fees and applications made in the form prescribed by the Secretary of State, may issue special registration plates designated as U.S. Marine Corps license plates to residents of Illinois who meet eligibility requirements prescribed by the Secretary of State. The special plate issued under this Section shall be affixed only to passenger vehicles of the first division, motorcycles, motor vehicles of the second division weighing not more than 8,000 pounds, and recreational vehicles as defined by Section 1-169 of this Code. Plates issued under this Section shall expire according to the staggered multi-year procedure established by Section 3-414.1 of this Code.
    (b) The design, color, and format of the plates shall be wholly within the discretion of the Secretary of State, except that the U.S. Marine Corps emblem shall appear on the plates. The Secretary may, in his or her discretion, allow the plates to be issued as vanity or personalized plates in accordance with Section 3-405.1 of this Code. The plates are not required to designate "Land Of Lincoln", as prescribed in subsection (b) of Section 3-412 of this Code. The Secretary shall prescribe the eligibility requirements and, in his or her discretion, shall approve and prescribe stickers or decals as provided under Section 3-412.
    (c) An applicant shall be charged a $5 fee for original issuance in addition to the applicable registration fee. This additional fee shall be deposited into the Marine Corps Scholarship Fund. For each registration renewal period, an $18 fee, in addition to the appropriate registration fee, shall be charged. This additional fee shall be deposited into the Marine Corps Scholarship Fund.
    (d) The Marine Corps Scholarship Fund is created as a special fund in the State treasury. All moneys in the Marine Corps Scholarship Fund shall, subject to appropriation by the General Assembly and distribution by the Secretary, be used by the Marine Corps Coordinating Council of Illinois, Inc., a recognized charitable organization that meets the requirements of Title 26, Section 501(c)(3) of the United States Code, to provide grants for scholarships for higher education. The scholarship recipients must be the children of current or former members of the United States Marine Corps who meet the academic, financial, and other requirements established by the Marine Corps Scholarship Foundation. In addition, the recipients must be Illinois residents and must attend a college or university located within the State of Illinois.
    (e) In addition, the Marine Corps Coordinating Council of Illinois is authorized to provide grants to the Marine Corps Scholarship Foundation, the Young Marine National Foundation, the Women Marines Association, and to any local chapter of the Marine Corps League that is located in Illinois. Any grant money paid from the Marine Corps Scholarship Fund shall be used for scholarships for undergraduate, graduate, and career and technical education and certification, financial assistance, or monetary awards to veterans or veterans' families that are located within the State of Illinois.
(Source: P.A. 101-89, eff. 7-19-19.)

625 ILCS 5/3-652

    (625 ILCS 5/3-652)
    Sec. 3-652. Chicago and Northeast Illinois District Council of Carpenters license plates.
    (a) The Secretary, upon receipt of all applicable fees and applications made in the form prescribed by the Secretary, may issue special registration plates designated as Chicago and Northeast Illinois District Council of Carpenters license plates.
    The special plates issued under this Section shall be affixed only to passenger vehicles of the first division or motor vehicles of the second division weighing not more than 8,000 pounds.
    Plates issued under this Section shall expire according to the multi-year procedure established by Section 3-414.1 of this Code.
    (b) The design and color of the special plates shall be wholly within the discretion of the Secretary. Appropriate documentation, as determined by the Secretary, shall accompany each application. The Secretary may allow the plates to be issued as vanity plates or personalized plates under Section 3-405.1 of this Code. The Secretary shall prescribe stickers or decals as provided under Section 3-412 of this Code.
    (c) An applicant for the special plate shall be charged a $25 fee for original issuance in addition to the appropriate registration fee. Of this fee, $10 shall be deposited into the Chicago and Northeast Illinois District Council of Carpenters Fund and $15 shall be deposited into the Secretary of State Special License Plate Fund, to be used by the Secretary to help defray the administrative processing costs.
    For each registration renewal period, a $25 fee, in addition to the appropriate registration fee, shall be charged. Of this fee, $23 shall be deposited into the Chicago and Northeast Illinois District Council of Carpenters Fund and $2 shall be deposited into the Secretary of State Special License Plate Fund.
    (d) The Chicago and Northeast Illinois District Council of Carpenters Fund is created as a special fund in the State treasury. All moneys in the Chicago and Northeast Illinois District Council of Carpenters Fund shall be paid, subject to appropriation by the General Assembly and distribution by the Secretary, as grants to charitable entities designated by the Chicago and Northeast Illinois District Council of Carpenters.
(Source: P.A. 97-409, eff. 1-1-12.)

625 ILCS 5/3-653

    (625 ILCS 5/3-653)
    Sec. 3-653. Pet Friendly license plates.
    (a) The Secretary, upon receipt of an application made in the form prescribed by the Secretary, may issue special registration plates designated as Pet Friendly license plates. The special plates issued under this Section shall be affixed only to passenger vehicles of the first division, motor vehicles of the second division weighing not more than 8,000 pounds, and recreational vehicles as defined in Section 1-169 of this Code. Plates issued under this Section shall expire according to the multi-year procedure established by Section 3-414.1 of this Code.
    (b) The design and color of the plates is wholly within the discretion of the Secretary, except that the phrase "I am pet friendly" shall be on the plates. The Secretary may allow the plates to be issued as vanity plates or personalized plates under Section 3-405.1 of the Code. The Secretary shall prescribe stickers or decals as provided under Section 3-412 of this Code.
    (c) An applicant for the special plate shall be charged a $40 fee for original issuance in addition to the appropriate registration fee. Of this additional fee, $25 shall be deposited into the Pet Population Control Fund and $15 shall be deposited into the Secretary of State Special License Plate Fund, to be used by the Secretary to help defray the administrative processing costs.
    For each registration renewal period, a $27 fee, in addition to the appropriate registration fee, shall be charged. Of this additional fee, $25 shall be deposited into the Pet Population Control Fund and $2 shall be deposited into the Secretary of State Special License Plate Fund.
(Source: P.A. 94-639, eff. 8-22-05; 95-331, eff. 8-21-07.)

625 ILCS 5/3-654

    (625 ILCS 5/3-654)
    Sec. 3-654. Illinois Public Broadcasting System Stations special license plates.
    (a) The Secretary, upon receipt of all applicable fees and applications made in the form prescribed by the Secretary, may issue special registration plates designated as Illinois Public Broadcasting System Stations special license plates. The special plates issued under this Section shall be affixed only to passenger vehicles of the first division or motor vehicles of the second division weighing not more than 8,000 pounds. Plates issued under this Section shall expire according to the multi-year procedure established by Section 3-414.1 of this Code.
    (b) The design and color of the special plates shall be wholly within the discretion of the Secretary. The Secretary may, in his or her discretion, allow the plates to be issued as vanity or personalized plates in accordance with Section 3-405.1 of this Code. The plates are not required to designate "Land of Lincoln", as prescribed in subsection (b) of Section 3-412 of this Code. The Secretary, in his or her discretion, shall approve and prescribe stickers or decals as provided under Section 3-412.
    (c) An applicant for the special plate shall be charged a $40 fee for original issuance in addition to the appropriate registration fee. Of this fee, $25 shall be deposited into the Public Broadcasting Fund and $15 shall be deposited into the Secretary of State Special License Plate Fund, to be used by the Secretary to help defray the administrative processing costs.
    For each registration renewal period, a $27 fee, in addition to the appropriate registration fee, shall be charged. Of this fee, $25 shall be deposited into the Public Broadcasting Fund and $2 shall be deposited into the Secretary of State Special License Plate Fund.
    (d) The Public Broadcasting Fund is created as a special fund in the State treasury. Subject to appropriation by the General Assembly and distribution by the Secretary, the Secretary shall pay all moneys in the Public Broadcasting Fund to the various Public Broadcasting System stations in Illinois for operating costs.
(Source: P.A. 97-409, eff. 1-1-12.)

625 ILCS 5/3-655

    (625 ILCS 5/3-655)
    Sec. 3-655. Hospice license plates.
    (a) The Secretary, upon receipt of an application made in the form prescribed by the Secretary, may issue special registration plates designated as Hospice license plates. The special plates issued under this Section shall be affixed only to passenger vehicles of the first division and motor vehicles of the second division weighing not more than 8,000 pounds. Plates issued under this Section shall expire according to the multi-year procedure established by Section 3-414.1 of this Code.
    (b) The color of the plates is wholly within the discretion of the Secretary. The design of the plates shall include the word "Hospice" above drawings of two lilies and a butterfly. The Secretary may allow the plates to be issued as vanity plates or personalized under Section 3-405.1 of the Code. The Secretary shall prescribe stickers or decals as provided under Section 3-412 of this Code.
    (c) An applicant for the special plate shall be charged a $25 fee for original issuance in addition to the appropriate registration fee. Of this fee, $10 shall be deposited into the Hospice Fund and $15 shall be deposited into the Secretary of State Special License Plate Fund, to be used by the Secretary to help defray the administrative processing costs.
    For each registration renewal period, a $25 fee, in addition to the appropriate registration fee, shall be charged. Of this fee, $23 shall be deposited into the Hospice Fund and $2 shall be deposited into the Secretary of State Special License Plate Fund.
    (d) The Hospice Fund is created as a special fund in the State treasury. All money in the Hospice Fund shall be paid, subject to appropriation by the General Assembly and distribution by the Secretary, as grants to a statewide organization whose primary membership consists of hospice programs to be used as follows:
        (1) To fund projects relating to hospice care for
    
special groups, such as children, veterans, and ethnic, religious, gender, or minority groups, or to provide disease-specific research or outreach.
        (2) To fund education and outreach for hospice
    
volunteers, patients, families, and health care professionals.
        (3) To fund informational and educational media
    
programs regarding the availability of hospice services.
        (4) To fund the expansion or enhancement of a
    
statewide organization whose primary membership consists of hospice programs toll-free referral line operated to provide hospice information.
        (5) To fund the expansion or enhancement of a
    
statewide organization whose primary membership consists of hospice programs Internet website.
        (6) To cover reasonable costs for special plate
    
advertising.
    A statewide organization whose primary membership consists of hospice programs shall distribute grant moneys received under this subsection (d) through a standing committee that reviews funding solicitations and awards.
(Source: P.A. 97-409, eff. 1-1-12.)