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Illinois Compiled Statutes
Information maintained by the Legislative Reference Bureau Updating the database of the Illinois Compiled Statutes (ILCS) is an ongoing process. Recent laws may not yet be included in the ILCS database, but they are found on this site as Public Acts soon after they become law. For information concerning the relationship between statutes and Public Acts, refer to the Guide. Because the statute database is maintained primarily for legislative drafting purposes, statutory changes are sometimes included in the statute database before they take effect. If the source note at the end of a Section of the statutes includes a Public Act that has not yet taken effect, the version of the law that is currently in effect may have already been removed from the database and you should refer to that Public Act to see the changes made to the current law.
CIVIL PROCEDURE (735 ILCS 5/) Code of Civil Procedure. 735 ILCS 5/8-801
(735 ILCS 5/8-801) (from Ch. 110, par. 8-801)
Sec. 8-801.
Husband and wife.
In all actions, husband and wife may testify
for or against each other, provided that neither may testify as to any
communication or admission made by either of them to the other or as to
any conversation between them during marriage, except in actions between
such husband and wife, and in actions where the custody,
support, health or welfare of
their children or children in either spouse's care, custody or control
is directly in issue, and as to matters in which either
has acted as agent for the other.
(Source: P.A. 83-408.)
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735 ILCS 5/8-802
(735 ILCS 5/8-802) (from Ch. 110, par. 8-802)
Sec. 8-802. Physician and patient. No physician or surgeon shall be
permitted to disclose any information he or she may have acquired in
attending any patient in a professional character, necessary to enable him
or her professionally to serve the patient, except only (1) in trials for
homicide when the disclosure relates directly to the fact or immediate
circumstances of the homicide, (2) in actions, civil or criminal, against
the physician for malpractice, (3) with the expressed consent of the
patient, or in case of his or her death or disability, of his or her
personal representative or other person authorized to sue for personal
injury or of the beneficiary of an insurance policy on his or her life,
health, or physical condition, or as authorized by Section 8-2001.5, (4) in all actions brought by or against the
patient, his or her personal representative, a beneficiary under a policy
of insurance, or the executor or administrator of his or her estate wherein
the patient's physical or mental condition is an issue, (5) upon an issue
as to the validity of a document as a will of the patient, (6) (blank), (7) in actions, civil or criminal, arising
from the filing of a report in compliance with the Abused and Neglected
Child Reporting Act, (8) to any department, agency, institution
or facility which has custody of the patient pursuant to State statute
or any court order of commitment, (9) in prosecutions where written
results of blood alcohol tests are admissible pursuant to Section 11-501.4
of the Illinois Vehicle Code, (10) in prosecutions where written
results of blood alcohol tests are admissible under Section 5-11a of the
Boat Registration and Safety Act,
(11) in criminal actions arising from the filing of a report of suspected
terrorist offense in compliance with Section 29D-10(p)(7) of the Criminal Code
of 2012, (12) upon the issuance of a subpoena pursuant to Section 38 of the Medical Practice Act of 1987; the issuance of a subpoena pursuant to Section 25.1 of the Illinois Dental Practice Act; the issuance of a subpoena pursuant to Section 22 of the Nursing Home Administrators Licensing and Disciplinary Act; or the issuance of a subpoena pursuant to Section 25.5 of the Workers' Compensation Act, (13) upon the issuance of a grand jury subpoena pursuant to Article 112 of the Code of Criminal Procedure of 1963, or (14) to or through a health information exchange, as that term is defined in Section 2 of the Mental Health and Developmental Disabilities Confidentiality Act, in accordance with State or federal law. Upon disclosure under item (13) of this Section, in any criminal action where the charge is domestic battery, aggravated domestic battery, or an offense under Article 11 of the Criminal Code of 2012 or where the patient is under the age of 18 years or upon the request of the patient, the State's Attorney shall petition the court for a protective order pursuant to Supreme Court Rule 415.
In the event of a conflict between the application of this Section
and the Mental Health and Developmental Disabilities Confidentiality
Act to a specific situation, the provisions of the Mental Health and
Developmental Disabilities Confidentiality Act shall control.
(Source: P.A. 101-13, eff. 6-12-19.)
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735 ILCS 5/8-802.1
(735 ILCS 5/8-802.1) (from Ch. 110, par. 8-802.1)
Sec. 8-802.1. Confidentiality of statements made to rape crisis personnel.
(a) Purpose. This Section is intended to protect victims of rape from
public
disclosure of statements they make in confidence to counselors of organizations
established to help them. On or after July 1, 1984, "rape" means an act of
forced sexual penetration or sexual conduct, as defined in Section 11-0.1 of
the Criminal Code of 2012, including acts prohibited under
Sections 11-1.20 through 11-1.60 or 12-13 through 12-16 of the Criminal Code of 1961 or the Criminal Code of 2012.
Because of the fear and stigma that often results from those crimes, many
victims hesitate to seek help even where it is available at no cost to them.
As a result they not only fail to receive needed medical care and emergency
counseling, but may lack the psychological support necessary to report the
crime and aid police in preventing future crimes.
(b) Definitions. As used in this Act:
(1) "Rape crisis organization" means any organization | | or association a major purpose of which is providing information, counseling, and psychological support to victims of any or all of the crimes of aggravated criminal sexual assault, predatory criminal sexual assault of a child, criminal sexual assault, sexual relations between siblings, criminal sexual abuse and aggravated criminal sexual abuse. "Rape crisis organization" includes, but is not limited to, rape crisis centers certified by a statewide sexual assault coalition.
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(2) "Rape crisis counselor" means a person who is a
| | psychologist, social worker, employee, or volunteer in any organization or association defined as a rape crisis organization under this Section, who has undergone 40 hours of training and is under the control of a direct services supervisor of a rape crisis organization.
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(3) "Victim" means a person who is the subject of, or
| | who seeks information, counseling, or advocacy services as a result of an aggravated criminal sexual assault, predatory criminal sexual assault of a child, criminal sexual assault, sexual relations within families, criminal sexual abuse, aggravated criminal sexual abuse, sexual exploitation of a child, indecent solicitation of a child, public indecency, exploitation of a child, promoting juvenile prostitution as described in subdivision (a)(4) of Section 11-14.4, or an attempt to commit any of these offenses.
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(4) "Confidential communication" means any
| | communication between a victim and a rape crisis counselor in the course of providing information, counseling, and advocacy. The term includes all records kept by the counselor or by the organization in the course of providing services to an alleged victim concerning the alleged victim and the services provided.
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(c) Waiver of privilege.
(1) The confidential nature of the communication is
| | not waived by: the presence of a third person who further expresses the interests of the victim at the time of the communication; group counseling; or disclosure to a third person with the consent of the victim when reasonably necessary to accomplish the purpose for which the counselor is consulted.
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(2) The confidential nature of counseling records is
| | not waived when: the victim inspects the records; or in the case of a minor child less than 12 years of age, a parent or guardian whose interests are not adverse to the minor inspects the records; or in the case of a minor victim 12 years or older, a parent or guardian whose interests are not adverse to the minor inspects the records with the victim's consent, or in the case of an adult who has a guardian of his or her person, the guardian inspects the records with the victim's consent.
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(3) When a victim is deceased, the executor or
| | administrator of the victim's estate may waive the privilege established by this Section, unless the executor or administrator has an interest adverse to the victim.
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(4) A minor victim 12 years of age or older may
| | knowingly waive the privilege established in this Section. When a minor is, in the opinion of the Court, incapable of knowingly waiving the privilege, the parent or guardian of the minor may waive the privilege on behalf of the minor, unless the parent or guardian has been charged with a violent crime against the victim or otherwise has any interest adverse to that of the minor with respect to the waiver of the privilege.
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(5) An adult victim who has a guardian of his or her
| | person may knowingly waive the privilege established in this Section. When the victim is, in the opinion of the court, incapable of knowingly waiving the privilege, the guardian of the adult victim may waive the privilege on behalf of the victim, unless the guardian has been charged with a violent crime against the victim or otherwise has any interest adverse to the victim with respect to the privilege.
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| (d) Confidentiality. Except as provided in this Act, no rape crisis
counselor shall disclose any confidential communication or be examined as a
witness in any civil or criminal proceeding as to any confidential
communication without the written consent of the victim or a representative of
the victim as provided in subparagraph (c).
(e) A rape crisis counselor may disclose a confidential communication
without the consent of the victim if failure to disclose is likely to
result in a clear, imminent risk of serious physical injury or death of the
victim or another person. Any rape crisis counselor or rape crisis
organization participating in good faith in the disclosing of records and
communications under this Act shall have immunity from any liability,
civil, criminal, or otherwise that might result from the action.
In any proceeding, civil or criminal, arising out of a disclosure under
this Section, the good faith of any rape crisis counselor
or rape crisis organization who disclosed the confidential communication
shall be presumed.
(f) Any rape crisis counselor who knowingly discloses any confidential
communication in violation of this Act commits a Class C misdemeanor.
(Source: P.A. 102-469, eff. 1-1-22 .)
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735 ILCS 5/8-802.2
(735 ILCS 5/8-802.2) (from Ch. 110, par. 8-802.2)
Sec. 8-802.2.
Confidentiality of statements made to personnel
counseling victims of violent crimes.
(a) Purpose. This Section is intended to protect victims of violent
crimes from public disclosure of statements they make in confidence to
counselors of organizations established to help them. Because of the fear
and trauma that often results from violent crimes, many victims hesitate
to seek help even where it is available and may therefore lack the
psychological support necessary to report the crime and aid police in
preventing future crimes.
(b) Definitions. As used in this Act, "violent crimes" include, but
are not limited to, any felony in which force or threat of force was used
against the victim or any misdemeanor which results in death or great
bodily harm to the victim.
(c) Confidentiality. Where any victim of a violent crime makes a
statement relating to the crime or its circumstances during the course of
therapy or consultation to any counselor, employee or volunteer of a victim aid
organization, the statement or contents thereof shall not be disclosed by
the organization or any of its personnel unless the maker of the statement
consents in writing or unless otherwise directed pursuant to this Section.
If in any judicial proceeding, a party alleges that such statements are
necessary to the determination of any issue before the court and written
consent to disclosure has not been given, the party may ask the court to
consider the relevance and admissibility of the statements. In such a
case, the court shall hold a hearing in camera on the relevance of the
statements. If the court finds them relevant and admissible to the issue,
the court shall order the statements to be disclosed.
(Source: P.A. 86-538.)
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735 ILCS 5/8-802.3 (735 ILCS 5/8-802.3)
Sec. 8-802.3. Informant's privilege. (a) Except as provided in subsection (b), if an individual (i) submits information concerning a criminal act to a law enforcement agency or to a community organization that acts as an intermediary in reporting to law enforcement and (ii) requests anonymity, then the identity of that individual is privileged and confidential and is not subject to discovery or admissible in evidence in a proceeding. (b) There is no privilege under subsection (a) if a court, after a hearing in camera, finds that the party seeking discovery or the proponent of the evidence has shown that: (1) the identity of an individual who submits | | information concerning a criminal act is sought or offered in a court proceeding involving a felony or misdemeanor;
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| (2) the evidence is not otherwise available; and
(3) nondisclosure infringes upon a constitutional
| | right of an accused, or there is a need for the evidence that substantially outweighs the interest in protecting confidentiality.
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| (b-5) Except as provided in this subsection or under subsection (j) of Supreme Court Rule 412, if a defendant's counsel seeks to discover the identity of an informant, then the defendant's counsel shall file a motion with the court alleging a good faith factual basis for believing that the prior representation of the informant creates a serious potential for an actual conflict of interest. Upon such filing, the court: (1) may deny the motion for lack of factual basis; or (2) if it finds a sufficiently alleged factual basis, shall conduct an in camera hearing with the informant, outside the presence of all counsel, to ascertain whether an actual conflict of interest exists. A transcript of the in camera proceeding shall be made and sealed. After the in camera hearing, the court shall: (i) deny the motion if there is no basis to conclude that a serious potential for an actual conflict exists; or (ii) inform the petitioning counsel that his or her continued representation is a conflict. If the court concludes that a conflict exists, it shall notify the counsel of the nature of the conflict, subject to any condition of nondisclosure that the court deems appropriate.
(c) The court may impose such sanctions as are necessary to enforce its order.
(Source: P.A. 101-436, eff. 8-20-19.)
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735 ILCS 5/8-803
(735 ILCS 5/8-803) (from Ch. 110, par. 8-803)
Sec. 8-803.
Clergy.
A clergyman or practitioner of any religious denomination
accredited by the religious body to which
he or she belongs, shall not be compelled to disclose in any court, or to
any administrative board or agency, or to any public officer, a confession
or admission made to him or her in his or her professional character or
as a spiritual advisor in the course of the discipline enjoined by the rules
or practices of such religious body or of the religion which he or she professes,
nor be compelled to divulge any information which has been obtained by him
or her in such professional character or as such spiritual advisor.
(Source: P.A. 82-280.)
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735 ILCS 5/8-803.5 (735 ILCS 5/8-803.5) Sec. 8-803.5. Union agent and union member. (a) Except when required in subsection (b) of this Section, a union agent, during the agency or representative relationship or after termination of the agency or representative relationship with the bargaining unit member, shall not be compelled to disclose, in any court or to any administrative board or agency arbitration or proceeding, whether civil or criminal, any information he or she may have acquired in attending to his or her professional duties or while acting in his or her representative capacity. (b) A union agent may use or reveal information obtained during the course of fulfilling his or her professional representative duties:
(1) to the extent it appears necessary to prevent the | | commission of a crime that is likely to result in a clear, imminent risk of serious physical injury or death of another person;
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| (2) in actions, civil or criminal, against the union
| | agent in his or her personal or official representative capacity, or against the local union or subordinate body thereof or international union or affiliated or subordinate body thereof or any agent thereof in their personal or official representative capacities;
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| (3) when required by court order; or
(4) when, after full disclosure has been provided,
| | the written or oral consent of the bargaining unit member has been obtained or, if the bargaining unit member is deceased or has been adjudged incompetent by a court of competent jurisdiction, the written or oral consent of the bargaining unit member's estate.
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| (c) In the event of a conflict between the application of this Section and any federal or State labor law to a specific situation, the provisions of the federal or State labor law shall control.
(Source: P.A. 94-22, eff. 1-1-06.)
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735 ILCS 5/8-804 (735 ILCS 5/8-804) Sec. 8-804. Confidential advisor. (a) This Section is intended to protect students at higher education institutions in this State who are survivors of sexual violence from public disclosure of communications they make in confidence to confidential advisors. Because of the fear, stigma, and trauma that often result from incidents of sexual violence, many survivors hesitate to report or seek help, even when it is available at no cost to them. As a result, they not only fail to receive needed medical care and emergency counseling, but may lack the psychological support necessary to report the incident of sexual violence to the higher education institution or law enforcement. (b) In this Section: "Confidential advisor" means a person who is employed or contracted by a higher education institution to provide emergency and ongoing support to survivors of sexual violence with the training, duties, and responsibilities described in Section 20 of the Preventing Sexual Violence in Higher Education Act. "Higher education institution" means a public university, a public community college, or an independent, not-for-profit or for-profit higher education institution located in this State. "Sexual violence" means physical sexual acts attempted or perpetrated against a person's will or when a person is incapable of giving consent, including without limitation rape, sexual assault, sexual battery, sexual abuse, and sexual coercion. "Survivor" means a student who has experienced sexual violence while enrolled at a higher education institution. (c) All communications between a confidential advisor and a survivor pertaining to an incident of sexual violence shall remain confidential, unless the survivor consents to the disclosure of the communication in writing, the disclosure falls within one of the exceptions outlined in subsection (d) of this Section, or failure to disclose the communication would violate State or federal law. Communications include all records kept by the confidential advisor in the course of providing the survivor with services related to the incident of sexual violence. (d) The confidential advisor may disclose confidential communications between the confidential advisor and the survivor if failure to disclose would result in a clear, imminent risk of serious physical injury to or death of the survivor or another person. The confidential advisor shall have no obligation to report crimes to the higher education institution or law enforcement, except to report to the Title IX coordinator, as defined by Title IX of the federal Education Amendments of 1972, on a monthly basis the number and type of incidents of sexual violence reported exclusively to the confidential advisor in accordance with the higher education institution's reporting requirements under subsection (b) of Section 9.21 of the Board of Higher Education Act and under federal law. If, in any judicial proceeding, a party alleges that the communications are necessary to the determination of any issue before the court and written consent to disclosure has not been given, the party may ask the court to consider ordering the disclosure of the communications. In such a case, communications may be disclosed if the court finds, after in camera examination of the communication, that the communication is relevant, probative, and not unduly prejudicial or inflammatory or is otherwise clearly admissible; that other evidence is demonstrably unsatisfactory as evidence of the facts sought to be established by the communication or communications; and that disclosure is more important to the interests of substantial justice than protection from injury to the confidential advisor-survivor relationship, to the survivor, or to any other individual whom disclosure is likely to harm. (e) This privilege shall not preclude an individual from asserting a greater privilege under federal or State law that applies.
(Source: P.A. 99-426, eff. 8-21-15.) |
735 ILCS 5/804.5 (735 ILCS 5/804.5) (This Section will be renumbered as Section 8-804.5 in a revisory bill.) Sec. 804.5. Parties to a restorative justice practice. (a) This Section is intended to encourage the use of restorative justice practices by providing a privilege for participation in such practices and ensuring that anything said or done during the practice, or in anticipation of or as a follow-up to the practice, is privileged and may not be used in any future proceeding unless the privilege is waived by the informed consent of the party or parties covered by the privilege. The General Assembly affords this privilege in recognition of restorative justice as a powerful tool in addressing the needs of victims, offenders, and the larger community in the process of repairing the fabric of community peace. The General Assembly encourages residents of this State to employ restorative justice practices, not only in justiciable matters, but in all aspects of life and law. (b) As used in this Section: "Circle" means a versatile restorative practice that can be used proactively, to develop relationships and build community, or reactively, to respond to wrongdoing, conflicts, and problems. "Conference" means a structured meeting between offenders, victims, and both parties' family and friends, in which they deal with the consequences of a crime or wrongdoing and decide how best to repair the harm. "Facilitator" means a person who is trained to facilitate a restorative justice practice. "Party" means a person, including a facilitator, an individual who has caused harm, an individual who has been harmed, a community member, and any other participant, who voluntarily consents to participate with others who have agreed to participate in a restorative justice practice. "Proceeding" means any legal action subject to this Code, including, but not limited to, civil, criminal, juvenile, or administrative hearings. "Restorative justice practice" or "practice" means a gathering, such as a conference or circle, in which parties who have caused harm or who have been harmed and community stakeholders collectively gather to identify and repair harm to the extent possible, address trauma, reduce the likelihood of further harm, and strengthen community ties by focusing on the needs and obligations of all parties involved through a participatory process. (c) Anything said or done during or in preparation for a restorative justice practice or as a follow-up to that practice, or the fact that the practice has been planned or convened, is privileged and cannot be referred to, used, or admitted in any civil, criminal, juvenile, or administrative proceeding unless the privilege is waived, during the proceeding or in writing, by the party or parties protected by the privilege. Privileged information is not subject to discovery or disclosure in any judicial or extrajudicial proceedings. Any waiver of privilege is limited to the participation and communication of the waiving party only, and the participation or communications of any other participant remain privileged unless waived by the other participant. (d) Evidence that is otherwise admissible or subject to discovery does not become inadmissible or protected from discovery solely because it was discussed or used in a restorative justice practice. (e) The legitimacy of a restorative justice practice, if challenged in any civil, juvenile, criminal, or administrative proceeding, shall be determined by a judge. In a hearing conducted pursuant to this subsection, the judge may consider information that would otherwise be privileged to the extent that the information is probative of the issue. (f) The privilege afforded by this Section does not apply if: (1) disclosure is necessary to prevent death, great | | bodily harm, or the commission of a crime;
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| (2) necessary to comply with another law; or
(3) a court, tribunal, or administrative body
| | requires a report on a restorative justice practice, but such report shall be limited to the fact that a practice has taken place, an opinion regarding the success of the practice, and whether further restorative justice practices are expected.
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| (g) This Section applies to all restorative justice practices that are convened on or after the effective date of this amendatory Act of the 102nd General Assembly.
(Source: P.A. 102-100, eff. 7-15-21 .)
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735 ILCS 5/Art. VIII Pt. 9
(735 ILCS 5/Art. VIII Pt. 9 heading)
Part 9.
Reporter's Privilege
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735 ILCS 5/8-901
(735 ILCS 5/8-901) (from Ch. 110, par. 8-901)
Sec. 8-901.
Source of information.
No court may compel any person to
disclose the source of any information obtained by a reporter except as
provided in Part 9 of Article VIII of this Act.
(Source: P.A. 84-398.)
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