99TH GENERAL ASSEMBLY
State of Illinois
2015 and 2016
SB2370

 

Introduced 1/28/2016, by Sen. Patricia Van Pelt

 

SYNOPSIS AS INTRODUCED:
 
705 ILCS 405/5-170
705 ILCS 405/5-401.5
725 ILCS 5/103-2.1

    Amends the Juvenile Court of 1987 and the Code of Criminal Procedure of 1963. Provides that a minor who was under 18 at the time of the commission of any offense must be represented by counsel throughout the entire custodial interrogation. An oral, written, or sign language statement of a minor made without counsel present throughout the entire custodial interrogation of the minor shall be inadmissible as evidence in any juvenile court proceeding or criminal proceeding against the minor. Provides that in a proceeding under the Criminal Code of 2012, a minor who was under 18 at the time of the commission of the offense must be represented by counsel throughout the entire custodial interrogation of the minor and an oral, written, or sign language statement made without counsel present shall be inadmissible in any criminal proceeding against the minor.


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FISCAL NOTE ACT MAY APPLY
STATE MANDATES ACT MAY REQUIRE REIMBURSEMENT

 

 

A BILL FOR

 

SB2370LRB099 18370 SLF 44404 b

1    AN ACT concerning criminal law.
 
2    Be it enacted by the People of the State of Illinois,
3represented in the General Assembly:
 
4    Section 5. The Juvenile Court Act of 1987 is amended by
5changing Sections 5-170 and 5-401.5 as follows:
 
6    (705 ILCS 405/5-170)
7    Sec. 5-170. Representation by counsel.
8    (a) In a proceeding under this Article, a minor who was
9under 18 13 years of age at the time of the commission of any
10offense an act that if committed by an adult would be a
11violation of Section 9-1, 9-1.2, 9-2, 9-2.1, 9-3, 9-3.2, 9-3.3,
1211-1.20, 11-1.30, 11-1.40, 11-1.50, 11-1.60, 12-13, 12-14,
1312-14.1, 12-15, or 12-16 of the Criminal Code of 1961 or the
14Criminal Code of 2012 must be represented by counsel throughout
15during the entire custodial interrogation of the minor.
16    (b) In a judicial proceeding under this Article, a minor
17may not waive the right to the assistance of counsel in his or
18her defense.
19(Source: P.A. 96-1551, eff. 7-1-11; 97-1150, eff. 1-25-13.)
 
20    (705 ILCS 405/5-401.5)
21    Sec. 5-401.5. When statements by minor may be used.
22    (a) In this Section, "custodial interrogation" means any

 

 

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1interrogation (i) during which a reasonable person in the
2subject's position would consider himself or herself to be in
3custody and (ii) during which a question is asked that is
4reasonably likely to elicit an incriminating response.
5    In this Section, "electronic recording" includes motion
6picture, audiotape, videotape, or digital recording.
7    In this Section, "place of detention" means a building or a
8police station that is a place of operation for a municipal
9police department or county sheriff department or other law
10enforcement agency at which persons are or may be held in
11detention in connection with criminal charges against those
12persons or allegations that those persons are delinquent
13minors.
14    (b) An oral, written, or sign language statement of a minor
15who, at the time of the commission of the offense was under the
16age of 18 years, made as a result of a custodial interrogation
17conducted at a police station or other place of detention on or
18after the effective date of this amendatory Act of the 93rd
19General Assembly shall be presumed to be inadmissible as
20evidence against the minor in any criminal proceeding or
21juvenile court proceeding, for an act that if committed by an
22adult would be brought under Section 9-1, 9-1.2, 9-2, 9-2.1,
239-3, 9-3.2, or 9-3.3, of the Criminal Code of 1961 or the
24Criminal Code of 2012, or under clause (d)(1)(F) of Section
2511-501 of the Illinois Vehicle Code unless:
26        (1) an electronic recording is made of the custodial

 

 

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1    interrogation; and
2        (2) the recording is substantially accurate and not
3    intentionally altered.
4    (b-5) Under the following circumstances, an oral, written,
5or sign language statement of a minor who, at the time of the
6commission of the offense was under the age of 17 years, made
7as a result of a custodial interrogation conducted at a police
8station or other place of detention shall be presumed to be
9inadmissible as evidence against the minor, unless an
10electronic recording is made of the custodial interrogation and
11the recording is substantially accurate and not intentionally
12altered:
13        (1) in any criminal proceeding or juvenile court
14    proceeding, for an act that if committed by an adult would
15    be brought under Section 11-1.40 or 20-1.1 of the Criminal
16    Code of 1961 or the Criminal Code of 2012, if the custodial
17    interrogation was conducted on or after June 1, 2014;
18        (2) in any criminal proceeding or juvenile court
19    proceeding, for an act that if committed by an adult would
20    be brought under Section 10-2, 18-4, or 19-6 of the
21    Criminal Code of 1961 or the Criminal Code of 2012, if the
22    custodial interrogation was conducted on or after June 1,
23    2015; and
24        (3) in any criminal proceeding or juvenile court
25    proceeding, for an act that if committed by an adult would
26    be brought under Section 11-1.30 or 18-2 or subsection (e)

 

 

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1    of Section 12-3.05 of the Criminal Code of 1961 or the
2    Criminal Code of 2012, if the custodial interrogation was
3    conducted on or after June 1, 2016.
4    (b-10) If, during the course of an electronically recorded
5custodial interrogation conducted under this Section of a minor
6who, at the time of the commission of the offense was under the
7age of 17 years, the minor makes a statement that creates a
8reasonable suspicion to believe the minor has committed an act
9that if committed by an adult would be an offense other than an
10offense required to be recorded under subsection (b) or (b-5),
11the interrogators may, without the minor's consent, continue to
12record the interrogation as it relates to the other offense
13notwithstanding any provision of law to the contrary. Any oral,
14written, or sign language statement of a minor made as a result
15of an interrogation under this subsection shall be presumed to
16be inadmissible as evidence against the minor in any criminal
17proceeding or juvenile court proceeding, unless the recording
18is substantially accurate and not intentionally altered.
19    (c) Every electronic recording made under this Section must
20be preserved until such time as the minor's adjudication for
21any offense relating to the statement is final and all direct
22and habeas corpus appeals are exhausted, or the prosecution of
23such offenses is barred by law.
24    (d) If the court finds, by a preponderance of the evidence,
25that the minor was subjected to a custodial interrogation in
26violation of this Section, then any statements made by the

 

 

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1minor during or following that non-recorded custodial
2interrogation, even if otherwise in compliance with this
3Section, are presumed to be inadmissible in any criminal
4proceeding or juvenile court proceeding against the minor
5except for the purposes of impeachment.
6    (d-5) An oral, written, or sign language statement of a
7minor made without counsel present throughout the entire
8custodial interrogation of the minor shall be inadmissible as
9evidence against the minor in any juvenile court proceeding or
10criminal proceeding.
11    (e) Nothing in this Section precludes the admission (i) of
12a statement made by the minor in open court in any criminal
13proceeding or juvenile court proceeding, before a grand jury,
14or at a preliminary hearing, (ii) of a statement made during a
15custodial interrogation that was not recorded as required by
16this Section because electronic recording was not feasible,
17(iii) of a voluntary statement, whether or not the result of a
18custodial interrogation, that has a bearing on the credibility
19of the accused as a witness, (iv) of a spontaneous statement
20that is not made in response to a question, (v) of a statement
21made after questioning that is routinely asked during the
22processing of the arrest of the suspect, (vi) of a statement
23made during a custodial interrogation by a suspect who
24requests, prior to making the statement, to respond to the
25interrogator's questions only if an electronic recording is not
26made of the statement, provided that an electronic recording is

 

 

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1made of the statement of agreeing to respond to the
2interrogator's question, only if a recording is not made of the
3statement, (vii) of a statement made during a custodial
4interrogation that is conducted out-of-state, (viii) of a
5statement given in violation of subsection (b) at a time when
6the interrogators are unaware that a death has in fact
7occurred, (ix) of a statement given in violation of subsection
8(b-5) at a time when the interrogators are unaware of facts and
9circumstances that would create probable cause to believe that
10the minor committed an act that if committed by an adult would
11be an offense required to be recorded under subsection (b-5),
12or (x) of any other statement that may be admissible under law.
13The State shall bear the burden of proving, by a preponderance
14of the evidence, that one of the exceptions described in this
15subsection (e) is applicable. Nothing in this Section precludes
16the admission of a statement, otherwise inadmissible under this
17Section, that is used only for impeachment and not as
18substantive evidence.
19    (f) The presumption of inadmissibility of a statement made
20by a suspect at a custodial interrogation at a police station
21or other place of detention may be overcome by a preponderance
22of the evidence that the statement was voluntarily given and is
23reliable, based on the totality of the circumstances.
24    (g) Any electronic recording of any statement made by a
25minor during a custodial interrogation that is compiled by any
26law enforcement agency as required by this Section for the

 

 

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1purposes of fulfilling the requirements of this Section shall
2be confidential and exempt from public inspection and copying,
3as provided under Section 7 of the Freedom of Information Act,
4and the information shall not be transmitted to anyone except
5as needed to comply with this Section.
6    (h) A statement, admission, confession, or incriminating
7information made by or obtained from a minor related to the
8instant offense, as part of any behavioral health screening,
9assessment, evaluation, or treatment, whether or not
10court-ordered, shall not be admissible as evidence against the
11minor on the issue of guilt only in the instant juvenile court
12proceeding. The provisions of this subsection (h) are in
13addition to and do not override any existing statutory and
14constitutional prohibition on the admission into evidence in
15delinquency proceedings of information obtained during
16screening, assessment, or treatment.
17    (i) The changes made to this Section by Public Act 98-61
18apply to statements of a minor made on or after January 1, 2014
19(the effective date of Public Act 98-61).
20(Source: P.A. 97-1150, eff. 1-25-13; 98-61, eff. 1-1-14;
2198-547, eff. 1-1-14; 98-756, eff. 7-16-14.)
 
22    Section 10. The Code of Criminal Procedure of 1963 is
23amended by changing Section 103-2.1 as follows:
 
24    (725 ILCS 5/103-2.1)

 

 

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1    Sec. 103-2.1. When statements by accused may be used.
2    (a) In this Section, "custodial interrogation" means any
3interrogation during which (i) a reasonable person in the
4subject's position would consider himself or herself to be in
5custody and (ii) during which a question is asked that is
6reasonably likely to elicit an incriminating response.
7    In this Section, "place of detention" means a building or a
8police station that is a place of operation for a municipal
9police department or county sheriff department or other law
10enforcement agency, not a courthouse, that is owned or operated
11by a law enforcement agency at which persons are or may be held
12in detention in connection with criminal charges against those
13persons.
14    In this Section, "electronic recording" includes motion
15picture, audiotape, or videotape, or digital recording.
16    (b) An oral, written, or sign language statement of an
17accused made as a result of a custodial interrogation conducted
18at a police station or other place of detention shall be
19presumed to be inadmissible as evidence against the accused in
20any criminal proceeding brought under Section 9-1, 9-1.2, 9-2,
219-2.1, 9-3, 9-3.2, or 9-3.3 of the Criminal Code of 1961 or the
22Criminal Code of 2012 or under clause (d)(1)(F) of Section
2311-501 of the Illinois Vehicle Code unless:
24        (1) an electronic recording is made of the custodial
25    interrogation; and
26        (2) the recording is substantially accurate and not

 

 

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1    intentionally altered.
2    (b-5) Under the following circumstances, an oral, written,
3or sign language statement of an accused made as a result of a
4custodial interrogation conducted at a police station or other
5place of detention shall be presumed to be inadmissible as
6evidence against the accused, unless an electronic recording is
7made of the custodial interrogation and the recording is
8substantially accurate and not intentionally altered:
9        (1) in any criminal proceeding brought under Section
10    11-1.40 or 20-1.1 of the Criminal Code of 1961 or the
11    Criminal Code of 2012, if the custodial interrogation was
12    conducted on or after June 1, 2014;
13        (2) in any criminal proceeding brought under Section
14    10-2, 18-4, or 19-6 of the Criminal Code of 1961 or the
15    Criminal Code of 2012, if the custodial interrogation was
16    conducted on or after June 1, 2015; and
17        (3) in any criminal proceeding brought under Section
18    11-1.30 or 18-2 or subsection (e) of Section 12-3.05 of the
19    Criminal Code of 1961 or the Criminal Code of 2012, if the
20    custodial interrogation was conducted on or after June 1,
21    2016.
22    (b-10) If, during the course of an electronically recorded
23custodial interrogation conducted under this Section, the
24accused makes a statement that creates a reasonable suspicion
25to believe the accused has committed an offense other than an
26offense required to be recorded under subsection (b) or (b-5),

 

 

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1the interrogators may, without the accused's consent, continue
2to record the interrogation as it relates to the other offense
3notwithstanding any provision of law to the contrary. Any oral,
4written, or sign language statement of an accused made as a
5result of an interrogation under this subsection shall be
6presumed to be inadmissible as evidence against the accused in
7any criminal proceeding, unless the recording is substantially
8accurate and not intentionally altered.
9    (b-15) In a criminal proceeding brought under the Criminal
10Code of 2012, a minor who was under 18 years of age at the time
11of the commission of the offense must be represented by counsel
12throughout the entire custodial interrogation of the minor.
13    (c) Every electronic recording made under this Section must
14be preserved until such time as the defendant's conviction for
15any offense relating to the statement is final and all direct
16and habeas corpus appeals are exhausted, or the prosecution of
17such offenses is barred by law.
18    (d) If the court finds, by a preponderance of the evidence,
19that the defendant was subjected to a custodial interrogation
20in violation of this Section, then any statements made by the
21defendant during or following that non-recorded custodial
22interrogation, even if otherwise in compliance with this
23Section, are presumed to be inadmissible in any criminal
24proceeding against the defendant except for the purposes of
25impeachment.
26    (e) Nothing in this Section precludes the admission (i) of

 

 

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1a statement made by the accused in open court at his or her
2trial, before a grand jury, or at a preliminary hearing, (ii)
3of a statement made during a custodial interrogation that was
4not recorded as required by this Section, because electronic
5recording was not feasible, (iii) of a voluntary statement,
6whether or not the result of a custodial interrogation, that
7has a bearing on the credibility of the accused as a witness,
8(iv) of a spontaneous statement that is not made in response to
9a question, (v) of a statement made after questioning that is
10routinely asked during the processing of the arrest of the
11suspect, (vi) of a statement made during a custodial
12interrogation by a suspect who requests, prior to making the
13statement, to respond to the interrogator's questions only if
14an electronic recording is not made of the statement, provided
15that an electronic recording is made of the statement of
16agreeing to respond to the interrogator's question, only if a
17recording is not made of the statement, (vii) of a statement
18made during a custodial interrogation that is conducted
19out-of-state, (viii) of a statement given in violation of
20subsection (b) at a time when the interrogators are unaware
21that a death has in fact occurred, (ix) of a statement given in
22violation of subsection (b-5) at a time when the interrogators
23are unaware of facts and circumstances that would create
24probable cause to believe that the accused committed an offense
25required to be recorded under subsection (b-5), or (x) of any
26other statement that may be admissible under law. The State

 

 

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1shall bear the burden of proving, by a preponderance of the
2evidence, that one of the exceptions described in this
3subsection (e) is applicable. Nothing in this Section precludes
4the admission of a statement, otherwise inadmissible under this
5Section, that is used only for impeachment and not as
6substantive evidence.
7    (f) The presumption of inadmissibility of a statement made
8by a suspect at a custodial interrogation at a police station
9or other place of detention may be overcome by a preponderance
10of the evidence that the statement was voluntarily given and is
11reliable, based on the totality of the circumstances.
12    (g) Any electronic recording of any statement made by an
13accused during a custodial interrogation that is compiled by
14any law enforcement agency as required by this Section for the
15purposes of fulfilling the requirements of this Section shall
16be confidential and exempt from public inspection and copying,
17as provided under Section 7 of the Freedom of Information Act,
18and the information shall not be transmitted to anyone except
19as needed to comply with this Section.
20(Source: P.A. 97-1150, eff. 1-25-13; 98-547, eff. 1-1-14.)