98TH GENERAL ASSEMBLY
State of Illinois
2013 and 2014
SB2808

 

Introduced 1/30/2014, by Sen. Daniel Biss

 

SYNOPSIS AS INTRODUCED:
 
New Act

    Creates the Freedom From Location Surveillance Act. Provides that a law enforcement agency shall not obtain current or future location information pertaining to a person or his or her effects without first obtaining a court order based on probable cause to believe that the person whose location information is sought has committed, is committing, or is about to commit a crime or the effect is evidence of a crime, or if the location information is authorized under an arrest warrant issued under the Code of Criminal Procedure of 1963 to aid in the apprehension or the arrest of the person named in the arrest warrant. An order issued under a finding of probable cause must be limited to a period of 60 days, renewable by the judge upon a showing of good cause for subsequent periods of 60 days. Provides exemptions. Provides that if the court finds by a preponderance of the evidence that a law enforcement agency obtained current or future location information pertaining to a person or his or her effects in violation of the Act, then the information shall be presumed to be inadmissible in any judicial or administrative proceeding. Provides that the State may overcome this presumption by proving the applicability of a judicially recognized exception to the exclusionary rule of the Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution or Article I, Section 6 of the Illinois Constitution, or by a preponderance of the evidence that the law enforcement officer was acting in good faith and reasonably believed that one or more of the exceptions existed at the time the location information was obtained. Effective immediately.


LRB098 15865 RLC 50908 b

 

 

A BILL FOR

 

SB2808LRB098 15865 RLC 50908 b

1    AN ACT concerning location surveillance.
 
2    Be it enacted by the People of the State of Illinois,
3represented in the General Assembly:
 
4    Section 1. Short title. This Act may be cited as the
5Freedom From Location Surveillance Act.
 
6    Section 5. Definitions. For the purpose of this Act:
7    "Electronic device" means any device that enables access
8to, or use of:
9        (1) an electronic communication service that provides
10    the ability to send or receive wire or electronic
11    communications;
12        (2) a remote computing service that provides computer
13    storage or processing services by means of an electronic
14    communications system; or
15        (3) a location information service such as a global
16    positioning service or other mapping, locational, or
17    directional information service.
18    "Electronic device" does not mean devices used by a
19governmental agency or by a company operating under a contract
20with a governmental agency for toll collection, traffic
21enforcement, or license plate reading.
22    "Law enforcement agency" means any agency of this State or
23a political subdivision of this State which is vested by law

 

 

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1with the duty to maintain public order or enforce criminal
2laws.
3    "Location information" means any information concerning
4the location of an electronic device that, in whole or in part,
5is generated by or derived from the operation of that device.
6    "Social networking website" has the same meaning ascribed
7to the term in paragraph (4) of subsection (b) of Section 10 of
8the Right to Privacy in the Workplace Act.
 
9    Section 10. Court Authorization. Except as provided in
10Section 15, a law enforcement agency shall not obtain current
11or future location information pertaining to a person or his or
12her effects without first obtaining a court order based on
13probable cause to believe that the person whose location
14information is sought has committed, is committing, or is about
15to commit a crime or the effect is evidence of a crime, or if
16the location information is authorized under an arrest warrant
17issued under Section 107-9 of the Code of Criminal Procedure of
181963 to aid in the apprehension or the arrest of the person
19named in the arrest warrant. An order issued under a finding of
20probable cause under this Section must be limited to a period
21of 60 days, renewable by the judge upon a showing of good cause
22for subsequent periods of 60 days.
 
23    Section 15. Exceptions. This Act does not prohibit a law
24enforcement agency from obtaining current or future location

 

 

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1information:
2    (1) to respond to a call for emergency services concerning
3the user or possessor of an electronic device;
4    (2) with the lawful consent of the person in actual or
5constructive possession of the item being tracked by the
6electronic device;
7    (3) to lawfully obtain location information broadly
8available to the general public without a court order and the
9location information is posted on a social networking website,
10or is metadata attached to images and video, or to determine
11the location of an Internet Protocol (IP) address through a
12publicly available service;
13    (4) to obtain location information generated by an
14electronic device used as a condition of release from a penal
15institution or as a condition of pre-trial release;
16    (5) to aid in the location of a missing person; or
17    (6) in emergencies as follows:
18        (A) Notwithstanding any other provisions of this Act,
19    any investigative or law enforcement officer may obtain
20    location information in an emergency situation as defined
21    in this paragraph (6). The emergency obtaining of location
22    information must be in accordance with the provisions of
23    this paragraph (6), and is allowed only when there was not
24    previous notice of the emergency to the law enforcement
25    officer sufficient to obtain prior judicial approval, and
26    the officer reasonably believes that an order permitting

 

 

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1    the obtaining of location information would issue were
2    there prior judicial review. An emergency situation exists
3    when:
4            (i) the use of the electronic device is necessary
5        for the protection of the investigative or law
6        enforcement officer or a person acting at the direction
7        of law enforcement; or
8            (ii) the situation involves:
9                (I) a clear and present danger of imminent
10            death or great bodily harm to persons resulting
11            from a kidnapping or the holding of a hostage by
12            force or the threat of the imminent use of force,
13            or the occupation by force or the threat of the
14            imminent use of force of any premises, place,
15            vehicle, vessel, or aircraft;
16                (II) an abduction investigation;
17                (III) conspiratorial activities characteristic
18            of organized crime;
19                (IV) an immediate threat to national security
20            interest; or
21                (V) an ongoing attack on a computer comprising
22            a felony.
23        (B) In all emergency cases, an application for an order
24    approving the previous or continuing obtaining of location
25    information must be made within 72 hours of its
26    commencement. In the absence of the order, or upon its

 

 

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1    denial, any continuing obtaining of location information
2    shall immediately terminate. In order to approve obtaining
3    location information, the judge must make a determination
4    (i) that he or she would have granted an order had the
5    information been before the court prior to the obtaining of
6    the location information and (ii) there was an emergency
7    situation as defined in this paragraph (6).
8        (C) In the event that an application for approval under
9    this paragraph (6) is denied the location information
10    obtained under this exception shall be treated as having
11    been obtained in violation of this Act.
 
12    Section 20. Admissibility. If the court finds by a
13preponderance of the evidence that a law enforcement agency
14obtained current or future location information pertaining to a
15person or his or her effects in violation of Section 10 or 15
16of this Act, then the information shall be presumed to be
17inadmissible in any judicial or administrative proceeding. The
18State may overcome this presumption by proving the
19applicability of a judicially recognized exception to the
20exclusionary rule of the Fourth Amendment to the United States
21Constitution or Article I, Section 6 of the Illinois
22Constitution, or by a preponderance of the evidence that the
23law enforcement officer was acting in good faith and reasonably
24believed that one or more of the exceptions identified in
25Section 15 existed at the time the location information was

 

 

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1obtained.
 
2    Section 99. Effective date. This Act takes effect upon
3becoming law.