98TH GENERAL ASSEMBLY
State of Illinois
2013 and 2014
SB1332

 

Introduced 2/5/2013, by Sen. Kwame Raoul

 

SYNOPSIS AS INTRODUCED:
 
705 ILCS 405/5-401.5
725 ILCS 5/103-2.1

    Amends the Juvenile Court Act of 1987 and the Code of Criminal Procedure of 1963. Provides that an oral, written, or sign language statement of an accused made as a result of a custodial interrogation at a police station or other place of detention shall be presumed to be inadmissible as evidence against the accused in any criminal or juvenile court proceeding in which the accused is charged with the commission of an offense that is a homicide or a Class 1 felony or a Class X felony (rather than a homicide offense or a DUI offense in which the DUI was the proximate cause of death) unless: (1) an electronic recording is made of the custodial interrogation; and (2) the recording is substantially accurate and not intentionally altered. Allows the admissibility of a statement given at a time when the interrogators are unaware that the offense could be charged as a homicide or as a Class 1 felony or Class X felony.


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A BILL FOR

 

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1    AN ACT concerning criminal law.
 
2    Be it enacted by the People of the State of Illinois,
3represented in the General Assembly:
 
4    Section 5. The Juvenile Court Act of 1987 is amended by
5changing Section 5-401.5 as follows:
 
6    (705 ILCS 405/5-401.5)
7    Sec. 5-401.5. When statements by minor may be used.
8    (a) In this Section, "custodial interrogation" means any
9interrogation (i) during which a reasonable person in the
10subject's position would consider himself or herself to be in
11custody and (ii) during which a question is asked that is
12reasonably likely to elicit an incriminating response.
13    In this Section, "electronic recording" includes motion
14picture, audiotape, videotape, or digital recording.
15    In this Section, "place of detention" means a building or a
16police station that is a place of operation for a municipal
17police department or county sheriff department or other law
18enforcement agency at which persons are or may be held in
19detention in connection with criminal charges against those
20persons or allegations that those persons are delinquent
21minors.
22    (b) An oral, written, or sign language statement of a minor
23who, at the time of the commission of the offense was under the

 

 

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1age of 17 years, made as a result of a custodial interrogation
2conducted at a police station or other place of detention on or
3after the effective date of this amendatory Act of the 93rd
4General Assembly shall be presumed to be inadmissible as
5evidence against the minor in any criminal proceeding or
6juvenile court proceeding, for an act that if committed by an
7adult would be brought under Section 9-1, 9-1.2, 9-2, 9-2.1,
89-3, 9-3.2, or 9-3.3, of the Criminal Code of 1961 or the
9Criminal Code of 2012, or under clause (d)(1)(F) of Section
1011-501 of the Illinois Vehicle Code or could be charged as a
11Class 1 felony or Class X felony unless:
12        (1) an electronic recording is made of the custodial
13    interrogation; and
14        (2) the recording is substantially accurate and not
15    intentionally altered.
16    (c) Every electronic recording required under this Section
17must be preserved until such time as the minor's adjudication
18for any offense relating to the statement is final and all
19direct and habeas corpus appeals are exhausted, or the
20prosecution of such offenses is barred by law.
21    (d) If the court finds, by a preponderance of the evidence,
22that the minor was subjected to a custodial interrogation in
23violation of this Section, then any statements made by the
24minor during or following that non-recorded custodial
25interrogation, even if otherwise in compliance with this
26Section, are presumed to be inadmissible in any criminal

 

 

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1proceeding or juvenile court proceeding against the minor
2except for the purposes of impeachment.
3    (e) Nothing in this Section precludes the admission (i) of
4a statement made by the minor in open court in any criminal
5proceeding or juvenile court proceeding, before a grand jury,
6or at a preliminary hearing, (ii) of a statement made during a
7custodial interrogation that was not recorded as required by
8this Section because electronic recording was not feasible,
9(iii) of a voluntary statement, whether or not the result of a
10custodial interrogation, that has a bearing on the credibility
11of the accused as a witness, (iv) of a spontaneous statement
12that is not made in response to a question, (v) of a statement
13made after questioning that is routinely asked during the
14processing of the arrest of the suspect, (vi) of a statement
15made during a custodial interrogation by a suspect who
16requests, prior to making the statement, to respond to the
17interrogator's questions only if an electronic recording is not
18made of the statement, provided that an electronic recording is
19made of the statement of agreeing to respond to the
20interrogator's question, only if a recording is not made of the
21statement, (vii) of a statement made during a custodial
22interrogation that is conducted out-of-state, (viii) of a
23statement given at a time when the interrogators are unaware
24that the act, if committed by an adult could be brought under
25Section 9-1, 9-1.2, 9-2, 9-2.1, 9-3, 9-3.2, or 9-3.3 of the
26Criminal Code of 1961 or the Criminal Code of 2012, or under

 

 

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1clause (d)(1)(F) of Section 11-501 of the Illinois Vehicle
2Code, or could be charged as a Class 1 felony or Class X felony
3a death has in fact occurred, or (ix) of any other statement
4that may be admissible under law. The State shall bear the
5burden of proving, by a preponderance of the evidence, that one
6of the exceptions described in this subsection (e) is
7applicable. Nothing in this Section precludes the admission of
8a statement, otherwise inadmissible under this Section, that is
9used only for impeachment and not as substantive evidence.
10    (f) The presumption of inadmissibility of a statement made
11by a suspect at a custodial interrogation at a police station
12or other place of detention may be overcome by a preponderance
13of the evidence that the statement was voluntarily given and is
14reliable, based on the totality of the circumstances.
15    (g) Any electronic recording of any statement made by a
16minor during a custodial interrogation that is compiled by any
17law enforcement agency as required by this Section for the
18purposes of fulfilling the requirements of this Section shall
19be confidential and exempt from public inspection and copying,
20as provided under Section 7 of the Freedom of Information Act,
21and the information shall not be transmitted to anyone except
22as needed to comply with this Section.
23    (h) A statement, admission, confession, or incriminating
24information made by or obtained from a minor related to the
25instant offense, as part of any behavioral health screening,
26assessment, evaluation, or treatment, whether or not

 

 

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1court-ordered, shall not be admissible as evidence against the
2minor on the issue of guilt only in the instant juvenile court
3proceeding. The provisions of this subsection (h) are in
4addition to and do not override any existing statutory and
5constitutional prohibition on the admission into evidence in
6delinquency proceedings of information obtained during
7screening, assessment, or treatment.
8(Source: P.A. 96-1251, eff. 1-1-11.)
 
9    Section 10. The Code of Criminal Procedure of 1963 is
10amended by changing Section 103-2.1 as follows:
 
11    (725 ILCS 5/103-2.1)
12    Sec. 103-2.1. When statements by accused may be used.
13    (a) In this Section, "custodial interrogation" means any
14interrogation during which (i) a reasonable person in the
15subject's position would consider himself or herself to be in
16custody and (ii) during which a question is asked that is
17reasonably likely to elicit an incriminating response.
18    In this Section, "place of detention" means a building or a
19police station that is a place of operation for a municipal
20police department or county sheriff department or other law
21enforcement agency, not a courthouse, that is owned or operated
22by a law enforcement agency at which persons are or may be held
23in detention in connection with criminal charges against those
24persons.

 

 

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1    In this Section, "electronic recording" includes motion
2picture, audiotape, or videotape, or digital recording.
3    (b) An oral, written, or sign language statement of an
4accused made as a result of a custodial interrogation at a
5police station or other place of detention shall be presumed to
6be inadmissible as evidence against the accused in any criminal
7proceeding brought under Section 9-1, 9-1.2, 9-2, 9-2.1, 9-3,
89-3.2, or 9-3.3 of the Criminal Code of 1961 or the Criminal
9Code of 2012, or under clause (d)(1)(F) of Section 11-501 of
10the Illinois Vehicle Code or in which the accused is charged
11with the commission of an offense that is a Class 1 felony or
12Class X felony unless:
13        (1) an electronic recording is made of the custodial
14    interrogation; and
15        (2) the recording is substantially accurate and not
16    intentionally altered.
17    (c) Every electronic recording required under this Section
18must be preserved until such time as the defendant's conviction
19for any offense relating to the statement is final and all
20direct and habeas corpus appeals are exhausted, or the
21prosecution of such offenses is barred by law.
22    (d) If the court finds, by a preponderance of the evidence,
23that the defendant was subjected to a custodial interrogation
24in violation of this Section, then any statements made by the
25defendant during or following that non-recorded custodial
26interrogation, even if otherwise in compliance with this

 

 

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1Section, are presumed to be inadmissible in any criminal
2proceeding against the defendant except for the purposes of
3impeachment.
4    (e) Nothing in this Section precludes the admission (i) of
5a statement made by the accused in open court at his or her
6trial, before a grand jury, or at a preliminary hearing, (ii)
7of a statement made during a custodial interrogation that was
8not recorded as required by this Section, because electronic
9recording was not feasible, (iii) of a voluntary statement,
10whether or not the result of a custodial interrogation, that
11has a bearing on the credibility of the accused as a witness,
12(iv) of a spontaneous statement that is not made in response to
13a question, (v) of a statement made after questioning that is
14routinely asked during the processing of the arrest of the
15suspect, (vi) of a statement made during a custodial
16interrogation by a suspect who requests, prior to making the
17statement, to respond to the interrogator's questions only if
18an electronic recording is not made of the statement, provided
19that an electronic recording is made of the statement of
20agreeing to respond to the interrogator's question, only if a
21recording is not made of the statement, (vii) of a statement
22made during a custodial interrogation that is conducted
23out-of-state, (viii) of a statement given at a time when the
24interrogators are unaware that the offense could be charged
25under Section 9-1, 9-1.2, 9-2, 9-2.1, 9-3, 9-3.2, or 9-3.3 of
26the Criminal Code of 1961 or the Criminal Code of 2012, or

 

 

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1under clause (d)(1)(F) of Section 11-501 of the Illinois
2Vehicle Code or as a Class 1 felony or Class X felony a death
3has in fact occurred, or (ix) of any other statement that may
4be admissible under law. The State shall bear the burden of
5proving, by a preponderance of the evidence, that one of the
6exceptions described in this subsection (e) is applicable.
7Nothing in this Section precludes the admission of a statement,
8otherwise inadmissible under this Section, that is used only
9for impeachment and not as substantive evidence.
10    (f) The presumption of inadmissibility of a statement made
11by a suspect at a custodial interrogation at a police station
12or other place of detention may be overcome by a preponderance
13of the evidence that the statement was voluntarily given and is
14reliable, based on the totality of the circumstances.
15    (g) Any electronic recording of any statement made by an
16accused during a custodial interrogation that is compiled by
17any law enforcement agency as required by this Section for the
18purposes of fulfilling the requirements of this Section shall
19be confidential and exempt from public inspection and copying,
20as provided under Section 7 of the Freedom of Information Act,
21and the information shall not be transmitted to anyone except
22as needed to comply with this Section.
23(Source: P.A. 93-206, eff. 7-18-05; 93-517, eff. 8-6-05;
2494-117, eff. 7-5-05.)