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CRIMINAL OFFENSES
(720 ILCS 5/) Criminal Code of 2012.

720 ILCS 5/36-2

    (720 ILCS 5/36-2) (from Ch. 38, par. 36-2)
    Sec. 36-2. Complaint for forfeiture.
    (a) If the State's Attorney of the county in which such seizure occurs finds that the alleged violation of law giving rise to the seizure was incurred without willful negligence or without any intention on the part of the owner of the vessel or watercraft, vehicle, or aircraft or any person whose right, title, or interest is of record as described in Section 36-1 of this Article, to violate the law, or finds the existence of such mitigating circumstances as to justify remission of the forfeiture, he or she may cause the law enforcement agency having custody of the property to return the property to the owner within a reasonable time not to exceed 7 days. The State's Attorney shall exercise his or her discretion under this subsection (a) prior to or promptly after the preliminary review under Section 36-1.5.
    (b) If, after review of the facts surrounding the seizure, the State's Attorney is of the opinion that the seized property is subject to forfeiture and the State's Attorney does not cause the forfeiture to be remitted under subsection (a) of this Section, he or she shall bring an action for forfeiture in the circuit court within whose jurisdiction the seizure and confiscation has taken place by filing a verified complaint for forfeiture in the circuit court within whose jurisdiction the seizure occurred, or within whose jurisdiction an act or omission giving rise to the seizure occurred, subject to Supreme Court Rule 187. The complaint shall be filed as soon as practicable but not later than 28 days after the State's Attorney receives notice from the seizing agency as provided under Section 36-1.4 of this Article. A complaint of forfeiture shall include:
        (1) a description of the property seized;
        (2) the date and place of seizure of the property;
        (3) the name and address of the law enforcement
    
agency making the seizure; and
        (4) the specific statutory and factual grounds for
    
the seizure.
    The complaint shall be served upon each person whose right, title, or interest is of record in the office of the Secretary of State, the Secretary of Transportation, the Administrator of the Federal Aviation Agency, or any other department of this State, or any other state of the United States if the vessel or watercraft, vehicle, or aircraft is required to be so registered, as the case may be, the person from whom the property was seized, and all persons known or reasonably believed by the State to claim an interest in the property, as provided in this Article. The complaint shall be accompanied by the following written notice:
    "This is a civil court proceeding subject to the Code of Civil Procedure. You received this Complaint of Forfeiture because the State's Attorney's office has brought a legal action seeking forfeiture of your seized property. This complaint starts the court process where the State seeks to prove that your property should be forfeited and not returned to you. This process is also your opportunity to try to prove to a judge that you should get your property back. The complaint lists the date, time, and location of your first court date. You must appear in court on that day, or you may lose the case automatically. You must also file an appearance and answer. If you are unable to pay the appearance fee, you may qualify to have the fee waived. If there is a criminal case related to the seizure of your property, your case may be set for trial after the criminal case has been resolved. Before trial, the judge may allow discovery, where the State can ask you to respond in writing to questions and give them certain documents, and you can make similar requests of the State. The trial is your opportunity to explain what happened when your property was seized and why you should get the property back."
    (c) (Blank).
    (d) (Blank).
    (e) (Blank).
    (f) (Blank).
    (g) (Blank).
    (h) (Blank).
(Source: P.A. 99-78, eff. 7-20-15; 100-512, eff. 7-1-18; 100-699, eff. 8-3-18; 100-1163, eff. 12-20-18.)

720 ILCS 5/36-2.1

    (720 ILCS 5/36-2.1)
    Sec. 36-2.1. Notice to owner or interest holder. The first attempted service of notice shall be commenced within 28 days of the receipt of the notice from the seizing agency by Form 4-64. If the property seized is a conveyance, notice shall also be directed to the address reflected in the office of the agency or official in which title to or interest in the conveyance is required by law to be recorded. A complaint for forfeiture shall be served upon the property owner or interest holder in the following manner:
        (1) If the owner's or interest holder's name and
    
current address are known, then by either:
            (A) personal service; or
            (B) mailing a copy of the notice by certified
        
mail, return receipt requested, and first class mail to that address.
                (i) If notice is sent by certified mail and
            
no signed return receipt is received by the State's Attorney within 28 days of mailing, and no communication from the owner or interest holder is received by the State's Attorney documenting actual notice by said parties, the State's Attorney shall, within a reasonable period of time, mail a second copy of the notice by certified mail, return receipt requested, and first class mail to that address.
                (ii) If no signed return receipt is received
            
by the State's Attorney within 28 days of the second attempt at service by certified mail, and no communication from the owner or interest holder is received by the State's Attorney documenting actual notice by said parties, the State's Attorney shall have 60 days to attempt to serve the notice by personal service, which also includes substitute service by leaving a copy at the usual place of abode with some person of the family or a person residing there, of the age of 13 years or upwards. If, after 3 attempts at service in this manner, no service of the notice is accomplished, then the notice shall be posted in a conspicuous manner at this address and service shall be made by the posting.
            The attempts at service and the posting, if
        
required, shall be documented by the person attempting service and said documentation shall be made part of a return of service returned to the State's Attorney.
            The State's Attorney may utilize a Sheriff or
        
Deputy Sheriff, any peace officer, a private process server or investigator, or any employee, agent, or investigator of the State's Attorney's office to attempt service without seeking leave of court.
            After the procedures are followed, service shall
        
be effective on an owner or interest holder on the date of receipt by the State's Attorney of a return receipt, or on the date of receipt of a communication from an owner or interest holder documenting actual notice, whichever is first in time, or on the date of the last act performed by the State's Attorney in attempting personal service under item (ii) of this paragraph (1). If notice is to be shown by actual notice from communication with a claimant, then the State's Attorney shall file an affidavit providing details of the communication, which shall be accepted as sufficient proof of service by the court.
            For purposes of notice under this Section, if a
        
person has been arrested for the conduct giving rise to the forfeiture, the address provided to the arresting agency at the time of arrest shall be deemed to be that person's known address. Provided, however, if an owner or interest holder's address changes prior to the effective date of the complaint for forfeiture, the owner or interest holder shall promptly notify the seizing agency of the change in address or, if the owner or interest holder's address changes subsequent to the effective date of the notice of pending forfeiture, the owner or interest holder shall promptly notify the State's Attorney of the change in address; or if the property seized is a conveyance, to the address reflected in the office of the agency or official in which title to or interest in the conveyance is required by law to be recorded.
        (2) If the owner's or interest holder's address is
    
not known, and is not on record, then notice shall be served by publication for 3 successive weeks in a newspaper of general circulation in the county in which the seizure occurred.
        (3) Notice to any business entity, corporation,
    
limited liability company, limited liability partnership, or partnership shall be completed by a single mailing of a copy of the notice by certified mail, return receipt requested, and first class mail to that address. This notice is complete regardless of the return of a signed return receipt.
        (4) Notice to a person whose address is not within
    
the State shall be completed by a single mailing of a copy of the notice by certified mail, return receipt requested, and first class mail to that address. This notice is complete regardless of the return of a signed return receipt.
        (5) Notice to a person whose address is not within
    
the United States shall be completed by a single mailing of a copy of the notice by certified mail, return receipt requested, and first class mail to that address. This notice shall be complete regardless of the return of a signed return receipt. If certified mail is not available in the foreign country where the person has an address, then notice shall proceed by publication under paragraph (2) of this Section.
        (6) Notice to any person whom the State's Attorney
    
reasonably should know is incarcerated within the State shall also include mailing a copy of the notice by certified mail, return receipt requested, and first class mail to the address of the detention facility with the inmate's name clearly marked on the envelope.
(Source: P.A. 100-512, eff. 7-1-18; 100-699, eff. 8-3-18; 100-1163, eff. 12-20-18.)

720 ILCS 5/36-2.2

    (720 ILCS 5/36-2.2)
    Sec. 36-2.2. Replevin prohibited; return of personal property inside seized conveyance.
    (a) Property seized under this Article shall not be subject to replevin, but is deemed to be in the custody of the Director of the Illinois State Police, subject only to the order and judgments of the circuit court having jurisdiction over the forfeiture proceedings and the decisions of the State's Attorney.
    (b) A claimant or a party interested in personal property contained within a seized conveyance may file a motion with the court in a judicial forfeiture action for the return of any personal property contained within a conveyance seized under this Article. The return of personal property shall not be unreasonably withheld if the personal property is not mechanically or electrically coupled to the conveyance, needed for evidentiary purposes, or otherwise contraband. A law enforcement agency that returns property under a court order under this Section shall not be liable to any person who claims ownership to the property if the property is returned to an improper party.
(Source: P.A. 102-538, eff. 8-20-21.)

720 ILCS 5/36-2.5

    (720 ILCS 5/36-2.5)
    Sec. 36-2.5. Judicial in rem procedures.
    (a) The laws of evidence relating to civil actions shall apply to judicial in rem proceedings under this Article.
    (b) Only an owner of or interest holder in the property may file an answer asserting a claim against the property in the action in rem. For purposes of this Section, the owner or interest holder shall be referred to as claimant. A person not named in the forfeiture complaint who claims to have an interest in the property may petition to intervene as a claimant under Section 2-408 of the Code of Civil Procedure.
    (c) The answer shall be filed with the court within 45 days after service of the civil in rem complaint.
    (d) The trial shall be held within 60 days after filing of the answer unless continued for good cause.
    (e) In its case in chief, the State shall show by a preponderance of the evidence that:
        (1) the property is subject to forfeiture; and
        (2) at least one of the following:
            (i) the claimant knew or should have known that
        
the conduct was likely to occur; or
            (ii) the claimant is not the true owner of the
        
property that is subject to forfeiture.
    In any forfeiture case under this Article, a claimant may present evidence to overcome evidence presented by the State that the property is subject to forfeiture.
    (f) Notwithstanding any other provision of this Section, the State's burden of proof at the trial of the forfeiture action shall be by clear and convincing evidence if:
        (1) a finding of not guilty is entered as to all
    
counts and all defendants in a criminal proceeding relating to the conduct giving rise to the forfeiture action; or
        (2) the State receives an adverse finding at a
    
preliminary hearing and fails to secure an indictment in a criminal proceeding related to the factual allegations of the forfeiture action.
    (g) If the State does not meet its burden of proof, the court shall order the interest in the property returned or conveyed to the claimant and shall order all other property in which the State does meet its burden of proof forfeited to the State. If the State does meet its burden of proof, the court shall order all property forfeited to the State.
    (h) A defendant convicted in any criminal proceeding is precluded from later denying the essential allegations of the criminal offense of which the defendant was convicted in any proceeding under this Article regardless of the pendency of an appeal from that conviction. However, evidence of the pendency of an appeal is admissible.
    (i) An acquittal or dismissal in a criminal proceeding shall not preclude civil proceedings under this Act; however, for good cause shown, on a motion by either party, the court may stay civil forfeiture proceedings during the criminal trial for a related criminal indictment or information alleging a violation of law authorizing forfeiture under Section 36-1 of this Article.
    (j) Title to all property declared forfeited under this Act vests in this State on the commission of the conduct giving rise to forfeiture together with the proceeds of the property after that time. Except as otherwise provided in this Article, any property or proceeds subsequently transferred to any person remain subject to forfeiture unless a person to whom the property was transferred makes an appropriate claim under or has the claim adjudicated at the judicial in rem hearing.
    (k) No property shall be forfeited under this Article from a person who, without actual or constructive notice that the property was the subject of forfeiture proceedings, obtained possession of the property as a bona fide purchaser for value. A person who purports to transfer property after receiving actual or constructive notice that the property is subject to seizure or forfeiture is guilty of contempt of court and shall be liable to the State for a penalty in the amount of the fair market value of the property.
    (l) A civil action under this Article shall be commenced within 5 years after the last conduct giving rise to forfeiture became known or should have become known or 5 years after the forfeitable property is discovered, whichever is later, excluding any time during which either the property or claimant is out of the State or in confinement or during which criminal proceedings relating to the same conduct are in progress.
    (m) If property is ordered forfeited under this Article from a claimant who held title to the property in joint tenancy or tenancy in common with another claimant, the court shall determine the amount of each owner's interest in the property according to principles of property law.
(Source: P.A. 100-512, eff. 7-1-18; 100-699, eff. 8-3-18; 100-1163, eff. 12-20-18.)

720 ILCS 5/36-2.7

    (720 ILCS 5/36-2.7)
    Sec. 36-2.7. Innocent owner hearing.
    (a) After a complaint for forfeiture has been filed and all claimants have appeared and answered, a claimant may file a motion with the court for an innocent owner hearing prior to trial. This motion shall be made and supported by sworn affidavit and shall assert the following along with specific facts that support each assertion:
        (1) that the claimant filing the motion is the true
    
owner of the conveyance as interpreted by case law; and
        (2) that the claimant did not know or did not have
    
reason to know the conduct giving rise to the forfeiture was likely to occur.
    The claimant's motion shall include specific facts that support these assertions.
    (b) Upon the filing, a hearing may only be conducted after the parties have been given the opportunity to conduct limited discovery as to the ownership and control of the property, the claimant's knowledge, or any matter relevant to the issues raised or facts alleged in the claimant's motion. Discovery shall be limited to the People's requests in these areas but may proceed by any means allowed in the Code of Civil Procedure.
    (c) After discovery is complete and the court has allowed for sufficient time to review and investigate the discovery responses, the court shall conduct a hearing. At the hearing, the fact that the conveyance is subject to forfeiture shall not be at issue. The court shall only hear evidence relating to the issue of innocent ownership.
    (d) At the hearing on the motion, the claimant shall bear the burden of proving each of the assertions listed in subsection (a) of this Section by a preponderance of the evidence. If a claimant meets the burden of proof, the court shall grant the motion and order the conveyance returned to the claimant. If the claimant fails to meet the burden of proof, the court shall deny the motion and the forfeiture case shall proceed according to the Code of Civil Procedure.
(Source: P.A. 100-512, eff. 7-1-18; 100-699, eff. 8-3-18.)

720 ILCS 5/36-3

    (720 ILCS 5/36-3) (from Ch. 38, par. 36-3)
    Sec. 36-3. Exemptions from forfeiture.
    (a) No vessel or watercraft, vehicle, or aircraft used by any person as a common carrier in the transaction of business as such common carrier may be forfeited under the provisions of Section 36-2 unless the State proves by a preponderance of the evidence that (1) in the case of a railway car or engine, the owner, or (2) in the case of any other such vessel or watercraft, vehicle or aircraft, the owner or the master of such vessel or watercraft or the owner or conductor, driver, pilot, or other person in charge of such vehicle or aircraft was at the time of the alleged illegal act a consenting party or privy thereto.
    (b) No vessel or watercraft, vehicle, or aircraft shall be forfeited under the provisions of Section 36-2 of this Article by reason of any act or omission committed or omitted by any person other than such owner while such vessel or watercraft, vehicle, or aircraft was unlawfully in the possession of a person who acquired possession thereof in violation of the criminal laws of the United States, or of any state.
(Source: P.A. 100-512, eff. 7-1-18.)

720 ILCS 5/36-3.1

    (720 ILCS 5/36-3.1)
    Sec. 36-3.1. Proportionality. Property forfeited under this Article shall be subject to an 8th Amendment to the United States Constitution disproportionate penalties analysis, and the property forfeiture may be denied in whole or in part if the court finds that the forfeiture would constitute an excessive fine in violation of the 8th Amendment to the United States Constitution, as interpreted by case law.
(Source: P.A. 100-512, eff. 7-1-18.)

720 ILCS 5/36-4

    (720 ILCS 5/36-4) (from Ch. 38, par. 36-4)
    Sec. 36-4. Remission by Attorney General. Whenever any owner of, or other person interested in, a vessel or watercraft, vehicle, or aircraft seized under the provisions of this Act files with the Attorney General before the sale or destruction of such vessel or watercraft, vehicle, or aircraft, a petition for the remission of such forfeiture the Attorney General if he finds that such forfeiture was incurred without willful negligence or without any intention on the part of the owner or any person whose right, title or interest is of record as described in Section 36-1, to violate the law, or finds the existence of such mitigating circumstances as to justify the remission of forfeiture, may cause the same to be remitted upon such terms and conditions as he deems reasonable and just, or order discontinuance of any forfeiture proceeding relating thereto.
(Source: P.A. 98-699, eff. 1-1-15.)

720 ILCS 5/36-5

    (720 ILCS 5/36-5)
    Sec. 36-5. (Repealed).
(Source: P.A. 98-1020, eff. 8-22-14. Repealed by P.A. 100-512, eff. 7-1-18.)

720 ILCS 5/36-6

    (720 ILCS 5/36-6)
    Sec. 36-6. Return of property, damages and costs.
    (a) The law enforcement agency that holds custody of property seized for forfeiture shall return to the claimant, within a reasonable period of time not to exceed 7 days unless the order is stayed by the trial court or a reviewing court pending an appeal, motion to reconsider, or other reason after the court orders the property to be returned or conveyed to the claimant:
        (1) property ordered by the court to be conveyed or
    
returned to the claimant; and
        (2) property ordered by the court to be conveyed or
    
returned to the claimant under subsection (d) of Section 36-3.1 of this Article.
    (b) The law enforcement agency that holds custody of property seized under this Article is responsible for any damages, storage fees, and related costs applicable to property returned to a claimant under this Article. The claimant shall not be subject to any charges by the State for storage of the property or expenses incurred in the preservation of the property. Charges for the towing of a conveyance shall be borne by the claimant unless the conveyance was towed for the sole reason of seizure for forfeiture. This subsection does not prohibit the imposition of any fees or costs by a home rule unit of local government related to the impoundment of a conveyance under an ordinance enacted by the unit of government.
(Source: P.A. 100-512, eff. 7-1-18.)

720 ILCS 5/36-7

    (720 ILCS 5/36-7)
    Sec. 36-7. Distribution of proceeds; selling or retaining seized property prohibited.
    (a) Except as otherwise provided in this Section, the court shall order that property forfeited under this Article be delivered to the Illinois State Police within 60 days.
    (b) The Illinois State Police or its designee shall dispose of all property at public auction and shall distribute the proceeds of the sale, together with any moneys forfeited or seized, under subsection (c) of this Section.
    (c) All moneys and the sale proceeds of all other property forfeited and seized under this Act shall be distributed as follows:
        (1) 65% shall be distributed to the drug task force,
    
metropolitan enforcement group, local, municipal, county, or State law enforcement agency or agencies that conducted or participated in the investigation resulting in the forfeiture. The distribution shall bear a reasonable relationship to the degree of direct participation of the law enforcement agency in the effort resulting in the forfeiture, taking into account the total value of the property forfeited and the total law enforcement effort with respect to the violation of the law upon which the forfeiture is based. Amounts distributed to the agency or agencies shall be used, at the discretion of the agency, for the enforcement of criminal laws; or for public education in the community or schools in the prevention or detection of the abuse of drugs or alcohol; or for security cameras used for the prevention or detection of violence, except that amounts distributed to the Secretary of State shall be deposited into the Secretary of State Evidence Fund to be used as provided in Section 2-115 of the Illinois Vehicle Code.
        Any local, municipal, or county law enforcement
    
agency entitled to receive a monetary distribution of forfeiture proceeds may share those forfeiture proceeds pursuant to the terms of an intergovernmental agreement with a municipality that has a population in excess of 20,000 if:
            (A) the receiving agency has entered into an
        
intergovernmental agreement with the municipality to provide police services;
            (B) the intergovernmental agreement for police
        
services provides for consideration in an amount of not less than $1,000,000 per year;
            (C) the seizure took place within the
        
geographical limits of the municipality; and
            (D) the funds are used only for the enforcement
        
of criminal laws; for public education in the community or schools in the prevention or detection of the abuse of drugs or alcohol; or for security cameras used for the prevention or detection of violence or the establishment of a municipal police force, including the training of officers, construction of a police station, the purchase of law enforcement equipment, or vehicles.
        (2) 12.5% shall be distributed to the Office of the
    
State's Attorney of the county in which the prosecution resulting in the forfeiture was instituted, deposited in a special fund in the county treasury and appropriated to the State's Attorney for use, at the discretion of the State's Attorney, in the enforcement of criminal laws; or for public education in the community or schools in the prevention or detection of the abuse of drugs or alcohol; or at the discretion of the State's Attorney, in addition to other authorized purposes, to make grants to local substance abuse treatment facilities and half-way houses. In counties over 3,000,000 population, 25% will be distributed to the Office of the State's Attorney for use, at the discretion of the State's Attorney, in the enforcement of criminal laws; or for public education in the community or schools in the prevention or detection of the abuse of drugs or alcohol; or at the discretion of the State's Attorney, in addition to other authorized purposes, to make grants to local substance abuse treatment facilities and half-way houses. If the prosecution is undertaken solely by the Attorney General, the portion provided shall be distributed to the Attorney General for use in the enforcement of criminal laws governing cannabis and controlled substances or for public education in the community or schools in the prevention or detection of the abuse of drugs or alcohol.
        12.5% shall be distributed to the Office of the
    
State's Attorneys Appellate Prosecutor and shall be used at the discretion of the State's Attorneys Appellate Prosecutor for additional expenses incurred in the investigation, prosecution and appeal of cases arising in the enforcement of criminal laws; or for public education in the community or schools in the prevention or detection of the abuse of drugs or alcohol. The Office of the State's Attorneys Appellate Prosecutor shall not receive distribution from cases brought in counties with over 3,000,000 population.
        (3) 10% shall be retained by the Illinois State
    
Police for expenses related to the administration and sale of seized and forfeited property.
    (d) A law enforcement agency shall not retain forfeited property for its own use or transfer the property to any person or entity, except as provided under this Section. A law enforcement agency may apply in writing to the Director of the Illinois State Police to request that forfeited property be awarded to the agency for a specifically articulated official law enforcement use in an investigation. The Director of the Illinois State Police shall provide a written justification in each instance detailing the reasons why the forfeited property was placed into official use, and the justification shall be retained for a period of not less than 3 years.
(Source: P.A. 102-538, eff. 8-20-21.)

720 ILCS 5/36-9

    (720 ILCS 5/36-9)
    Sec. 36-9. Reporting. Property seized or forfeited under this Article is subject to reporting under the Seizure and Forfeiture Reporting Act.
(Source: P.A. 100-512, eff. 7-1-18.)

720 ILCS 5/Art. 36.5

 
    (720 ILCS 5/Art. 36.5 heading)
ARTICLE 36.5. VEHICLE IMPOUNDMENT
(Source: P.A. 96-1551, eff. 7-1-11.)

720 ILCS 5/36-10

    (720 ILCS 5/36-10)
    Sec. 36-10. Applicability; savings clause.
    (a) The changes made to this Article by Public Act 100-512 and Public Act 100-699 only apply to property seized on and after July 1, 2018.
    (b) The changes made to this Article by Public Act 100-699 are subject to Section 4 of the Statute on Statutes.
(Source: P.A. 100-699, eff. 8-3-18; 100-1163, eff. 12-20-18.)

720 ILCS 5/36.5-5

    (720 ILCS 5/36.5-5)
    Sec. 36.5-5. Vehicle impoundment.
    (a) In addition to any other penalty, fee or forfeiture provided by law, a peace officer who arrests a person for a violation of Section 10-9, 11-14, 11-14.1, 11-14.3, 11-14.4, 11-18, or 11-18.1 of this Code or related municipal ordinance, may tow and impound any vehicle used by the person in the commission of the violation. The person arrested for one or more such violations shall be charged a $1,000 fee, to be paid to the law enforcement agency that made the arrest or its designated representative. The person may recover the vehicle from the impound after a minimum of 2 hours after arrest upon payment of the fee.
    (b) $500 of the fee shall be distributed to the law enforcement agency whose peace officers made the arrest, for the costs incurred by the law enforcement agency to investigate and to tow and impound the vehicle. Upon the defendant's conviction of one or more of the violations in connection with which the vehicle was impounded and the fee imposed under this Section, the remaining $500 of the fee shall be deposited into the Specialized Services for Survivors of Human Trafficking Fund and disbursed in accordance with subsections (d), (e), and (f) of Section 5-9-1.21 of the Unified Code of Corrections.
    (c) Upon the presentation by the defendant of a signed court order showing that the defendant has been acquitted of all of the violations in connection with which a vehicle was impounded and a fee imposed under this Section, or that the charges against the defendant for those violations have been dismissed, the law enforcement agency shall refund the $1,000 fee to the defendant.
(Source: P.A. 97-333, eff. 8-12-11; 97-897, eff. 1-1-13; 97-1109, eff. 1-1-13; 98-463, eff. 8-16-13; 98-1013, eff. 1-1-15.)