10 ILCS 5/ Election Code.

(10 ILCS 5/25-1) (from Ch. 46, par. 25-1)

Sec. 25-1. Except as otherwise provided in Section 25-2, resignations of elective offices shall be made to the officer, court or county board authorized by law to fill a vacancy in such office by appointment, or to order an election to fill such vacancy.

(Source: P.A. 88-419.)

(10 ILCS 5/25-2) (from Ch. 46, par. 25-2)

Sec. 25-2. Events on which an elective office becomes vacant. Every elective office shall become vacant on the happening of any of the following events before the expiration of the term of such office:

(1) The death of the incumbent.

(2) His or her resignation.

(3) His or her becoming a person under legal disability.

(4) His or her ceasing to be an inhabitant of the State; or if the office is local, his or her ceasing to be an inhabitant of the district, county, town, or precinct for which he or she was elected; provided, that the provisions of this paragraph shall not apply to township officers whose township boundaries are changed in accordance with Section 10-20 of the Township Code, to a township officer after disconnection as set forth in Section 15-17 of the Township Code, nor to township or multi-township assessors elected under Sections 2-5 through 2-15 of the Property Tax Code.

(5) His or her conviction of an infamous crime, or of any offense involving a violation of official oath.

(6) His or her removal from office.

(7) His or her refusal or neglect to take his or her oath of office, or to give or renew his or her official bond, or to deposit or file such oath or bond within the time prescribed by law.

(8) The decision of a competent tribunal declaring his or her election void.

No elective office, except as herein otherwise provided, shall become vacant until the successor of the incumbent of such office has been appointed or elected, as the case may be, and qualified.

An unconditional resignation, effective at a future date, may not be withdrawn after it is received by the officer authorized to fill the vacancy. Such resignation shall create a vacancy in office for the purpose of determining the time period which would require an election. The resigning office holder may continue to hold such office until the date or event specified in such resignation, but no later than the date at which his or her successor is elected and qualified.

An admission of guilt of a criminal offense that would, upon conviction, disqualify the holder of an elective office from holding that office, in the form of a written agreement with State or federal prosecutors to plead guilty to a felony, bribery, perjury, or other infamous crime under State or federal law, shall constitute a resignation from that office, effective at the time the plea agreement is made.

For purposes of this Section, a conviction for an offense that disqualifies the holder of an elective office from holding that office shall occur on the date of the return of a guilty verdict or, in the case of a trial by the court, the entry of a finding of guilt.

This Section does not apply to any elected or appointed officers or officials of any municipality having a population under 500,000.

(Source: P.A. 94-529, eff. 8-10-05; 95-646, eff. 1-1-08.)

(10 ILCS 5/25-3) (from Ch. 46, par. 25-3)

Sec. 25-3. (a) Whenever it is alleged that a vacancy in any office exists, the officer, body, or county board who has authority to fill the vacancy by appointment, or to order an election to fill such vacancy, shall have power to determine whether or not the facts occasioning such vacancy exist.

(b) On or before the 100th day previous to the day of election for which judicial candidates are to be nominated:

(1) The Chief Justice of the Supreme Court shall certify to the State Board of Elections the names of all judges who have died, resigned, retired or forfeited their office since the last general election and whose vacancies will be filled at the next general election.

(2) The secretary of the Illinois Courts Commission shall certify to the State Board of Elections the names of judges who have been removed from office and whose vacancies will be filled at the next general election.

(3) The Secretary of State shall certify to the State Board of Elections the names of judges who were eligible to stand for retention at the next general election, but failed to file a declaration of candidacy to succeed themselves in office or, having timely filed such a declaration, withdrew it.

(4) The State Board of Elections shall determine whether the General Assembly has created new judgeships which are to be filled at the next general election.

If one of the events described in subsection (a) of Section 2A-9 of this Code occurs between the 100th day and the 92nd day previous to the day of election for which judicial candidates are to be nominated, the appropriate aforementioned officer shall promptly certify the vacancy to the State Board of Elections.

(c) Except with regard to new judgeships which have been created by the General Assembly, the State Board of Elections may rely upon the certifications from the Supreme Court, the Illinois Courts Commission and the Secretary of State to determine (1) when vacancies in judicial office exist and (2) the judicial positions for which elections are to be held.

(Source: P.A. 86-1348.)

(10 ILCS 5/25-4) (from Ch. 46, par. 25-4)

Sec. 25-4. In case of vacancies in the offices of Governor and Lieutenant-Governor, the officer performing the duties of the office of Governor, or if there is no such officer, the Secretary of State, shall issue a proclamation appointing a day for a special election to fill such vacancies, and shall issue a writ of election to the county clerks of the several counties in the state, and shall also, when necessary, call a special session of the General Assembly to canvass the votes cast at such election; but if such vacancy shall occur not more than ninety (90) days before a general election for members of the legislature, the vacancies shall be filled at such general election, in which case no special session of the General Assembly to canvass the votes shall be deemed necessary.

(Source: Laws 1943, vol. 2, p. 1.)

(10 ILCS 5/25-5) (from Ch. 46, par. 25-5)

Sec. 25-5. In accordance with Section 7 of Article V of the Illinois Constitution of 1970, if the Attorney General, Secretary of State, Comptroller, or Treasurer fails to qualify, or if his or her office becomes vacant, the Governor shall fill the office by appointment. If there are 28 months or less remaining in the term at the time of the vacancy or failure to qualify, the appointed officer shall serve for the remainder of the term. If there are more than 28 months remaining in the term at the time of the vacancy or failure to qualify, the office shall be filled by a special election to be held at the next general election. In the case of a special election pursuant to this Section, the appointed officer shall serve until the election results are certified and the person elected at the special election is qualified. Nominations shall be made in accordance with Section 7-68 of this Code. For purposes of this Section, a special election shall not be held if the person elected to the office failed to qualify for a period of less than 30 calendar days. The office to be filled by special election shall appear on the regular ballot at the general election, and shall not require the use of a separate ballot.

(Source: P.A. 98-1170, eff. 1-12-15.)

(10 ILCS 5/25-6) (from Ch. 46, par. 25-6)

Sec. 25-6. General Assembly vacancies.

(a) When a vacancy occurs in the office of State Senator or Representative in the General Assembly, the vacancy shall be filled within 30 days by appointment of the legislative or representative committee of that legislative or representative district of the political party of which the incumbent was a candidate at the time of his election. Prior to holding a meeting to fill the vacancy, the committee shall make public (i) the names of the committeeperson on the appropriate legislative or representative committee, (ii) the date, time, and location of the meeting to fill the vacancy, and (iii) any information on how to apply or submit a name for consideration as the appointee. A meeting to fill a vacancy in office shall be held in the district or virtually, and any meeting shall be accessible to the public. The appointee shall be a member of the same political party as the person he succeeds was at the time of his election, and shall be otherwise eligible to serve as a member of the General Assembly.

(b) When a vacancy occurs in the office of a legislator elected other than as a candidate of a political party, the vacancy shall be filled within 30 days of such occurrence by appointment of the Governor. The appointee shall not be a member of a political party, and shall be otherwise eligible to serve as a member of the General Assembly. Provided, however, the appropriate body of the General Assembly may, by resolution, allow a legislator elected other than as a candidate of a political party to affiliate with a political party for his term of office in the General Assembly. A vacancy occurring in the office of any such legislator who affiliates with a political party pursuant to resolution shall be filled within 30 days of such occurrence by appointment of the appropriate legislative or representative committee of that legislative or representative district of the political party with which the legislator so affiliates. The appointee shall be a member of the political party with which the incumbent affiliated.

(c) For purposes of this Section, a person is a member of a political party for 23 months after (i) signing a candidate petition, as to the political party whose nomination is sought; (ii) signing a statement of candidacy, as to the political party where nomination or election is sought; (iii) signing a Petition of Political Party Formation, as to the proposed political party; (iv) applying for and receiving a primary ballot, as to the political party whose ballot is received; or (v) becoming a candidate for election to or accepting appointment to the office of ward, township, precinct or state central committeeperson.

(d) In making appointments under this Section, each committeeperson of the appropriate legislative or representative committee shall be entitled to one vote for each vote that was received, in that portion of the legislative or representative district which he represents on the committee, by the Senator or Representative whose seat is vacant at the general election at which that legislator was elected to the seat which has been vacated and a majority of the total number of votes received in such election by the Senator or Representative whose seat is vacant is required for the appointment of his successor; provided, however, that in making appointments in legislative or representative districts comprising only one county or part of a county other than a county containing 2,000,000 or more inhabitants, each committeeperson shall be entitled to cast only one vote.

(e) Appointments made under this Section shall be in writing and shall be signed by members of the legislative or representative committee whose total votes are sufficient to make the appointments or by the Governor, as the case may be. Such appointments shall be filed with the Secretary of State and with the Clerk of the House of Representatives or the Secretary of the Senate, whichever is appropriate.

(f) An appointment made under this Section shall be for the remainder of the term, except that, if the appointment is to fill a vacancy in the office of State Senator and the vacancy occurs with more than 28 months remaining in the term, the term of the appointment shall expire at the time of the next general election at which time a Senator shall be elected for a new term commencing on the determination of the results of the election and ending on the second Wednesday of January in the second odd-numbered year next occurring. Whenever a Senator has been appointed to fill a vacancy and was thereafter elected to that office, the term of service under the authority of the election shall be considered a new term of service, separate from the term of service rendered under the authority of the appointment.

(Source: P.A. 102-15, eff. 6-17-21.)

(10 ILCS 5/25-7) (from Ch. 46, par. 25-7)

Sec. 25-7. (a) When any vacancy shall occur in the office of representative in congress from this state more than 240 days before the next general election, the Governor shall issue a writ of election within 5 days after the occurrence of that vacancy to the county clerks of the several counties in the district where the vacancy exists, appointing a day within 180 days of issuance of the writ to hold a special election to fill such vacancy.

(b) Except as provided in this subsection (b), the provisions of Article 7 of this Code are applicable to petitions for the special primary election and special election. Petitions for nomination in accordance with Article 7 shall be filed in the principal office of the State Board of Elections not more than 85 and not less than 82 days prior to the date of the special primary election, excluding Saturday and Sunday. Petitions for the nomination of independent candidates and candidates of new political parties shall be filed in the principal office of the State Board of Elections not more than 93 and not less than 90 days prior to the date of the special election, excluding Saturday and Sunday.

Except as provided in this subsection, the State Board of Elections shall have authority to establish, in conjunction with the impacted election authorities, an election calendar for the special election and special primary.

(Source: P.A. 98-1171, eff. 6-1-15; 99-221, eff. 7-31-15.)

(10 ILCS 5/25-8) (from Ch. 46, par. 25-8)

Sec. 25-8. When a vacancy shall occur in the office of United States Senator from this state, the Governor shall make temporary appointment to fill such vacancy until the next election of representatives in Congress, at which time such vacancy shall be filled by election, and the senator so elected shall take office as soon thereafter as he shall receive his certificate of election.

(Source: Laws 1943, vol. 2, p. 1.)