101ST GENERAL ASSEMBLY
State of Illinois
2019 and 2020
HB0185

 

Introduced , by Rep. La Shawn K. Ford

 

SYNOPSIS AS INTRODUCED:
 
750 ILCS 5/102  from Ch. 40, par. 102
750 ILCS 5/602.5
750 ILCS 5/602.7
750 ILCS 5/602.10
750 ILCS 5/603.10

    Amends the Illinois Marriage and Dissolution of Marriage Act. To the list of purposes of the Act, adds recognizing that the involvement of each parent for equal time is presumptively in the children's best interests. Deletes language providing that nothing in the Act requires that each parent be allocated decision-making responsibilities. Provides that there is a rebuttable presumption in favor of equal parenting time. Relocates provisions listing factors for the court to consider in determining a child's bests interests for purposes of allocating parenting time. In specified situations, requires the court to issue a written decision stating its specific findings of fact and conclusions of law in support of its ruling.


LRB101 04712 LNS 49721 b

 

 

A BILL FOR

 

HB0185LRB101 04712 LNS 49721 b

1    AN ACT concerning civil law.
 
2    Be it enacted by the People of the State of Illinois,
3represented in the General Assembly:
 
4    Section 5. The Illinois Marriage and Dissolution of
5Marriage Act is amended by changing Sections 102, 602.5, 602.7,
6602.10, and 603.10 as follows:
 
7    (750 ILCS 5/102)  (from Ch. 40, par. 102)
8    Sec. 102. Purposes; Rules of Construction. This Act shall
9be liberally construed and applied to promote its underlying
10purposes, which are to:
11        (1) provide adequate procedures for the solemnization
12    and registration of marriage;
13        (2) strengthen and preserve the integrity of marriage
14    and safeguard family relationships;
15        (3) promote the amicable settlement of disputes that
16    have arisen between parties to a marriage;
17        (4) mitigate the potential harm to spouses and their
18    children caused by the process of an action brought under
19    this Act, and protect children from exposure to conflict
20    and violence;
21        (5) ensure predictable decision-making for the care of
22    children and for the allocation of parenting time and other
23    parental responsibilities, and avoid prolonged uncertainty

 

 

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1    by expeditiously resolving issues involving children;
2        (6) recognize the right of children to a healthy
3    relationship with parents, and the responsibility of
4    parents to ensure such a relationship;
5        (7) acknowledge that the determination of children's
6    best interests, and the allocation of parenting time and
7    significant decision-making responsibilities, are among
8    the paramount responsibilities of our system of justice,
9    and to that end:
10            (A) recognize children's right to a strong and
11        healthy relationship with parents, and parents'
12        concomitant right and responsibility to create and
13        maintain such relationships;
14            (B) recognize that, in the absence of domestic
15        violence or any other factor that the court expressly
16        finds to be relevant, proximity to, and frequent
17        contact with, both parents promotes healthy
18        development of children;
19            (C) facilitate parental planning and agreement
20        about the children's upbringing and allocation of
21        parenting time and other parental responsibilities;
22            (D) continue existing parent-child relationships,
23        and secure the maximum involvement and cooperation of
24        parents regarding the physical, mental, moral, and
25        emotional well-being of the children during and after
26        the litigation; and

 

 

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1            (E) promote or order parents to participate in
2        programs designed to educate parents to:
3                (i) minimize or eliminate rancor and the
4            detrimental effect of litigation in any proceeding
5            involving children; and
6                (ii) facilitate the maximum cooperation of
7            parents in raising their children; and
8            (F) recognize that, in order to maximize the
9        opportunity for children to maintain and strengthen
10        the children's relationship with each parent, the
11        involvement of both parents for equal time is
12        presumptively in the best interests of the children;
13        (8) make reasonable provision for support during and
14    after an underlying dissolution of marriage, legal
15    separation, parentage, or parental responsibility
16    allocation action, including provision for timely advances
17    of interim fees and costs to all attorneys, experts, and
18    opinion witnesses including guardians ad litem and
19    children's representatives, to achieve substantial parity
20    in parties' access to funds for pre-judgment litigation
21    costs in an action for dissolution of marriage or legal
22    separation;
23        (9) eliminate the consideration of marital misconduct
24    in the adjudication of rights and duties incident to
25    dissolution of marriage, legal separation and declaration
26    of invalidity of marriage; and

 

 

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1        (10) make provision for the preservation and
2    conservation of marital assets during the litigation.
3(Source: P.A. 99-90, eff. 1-1-16.)
 
4    (750 ILCS 5/602.5)
5    Sec. 602.5. Allocation of parental responsibilities:
6decision-making.
7    (a) Generally. The court shall allocate decision-making
8responsibilities according to the child's best interests.
9Nothing in this Act requires that each parent be allocated
10decision-making responsibilities.
11    (b) Allocation of significant decision-making
12responsibilities. Unless the parents otherwise agree in
13writing on an allocation of significant decision-making
14responsibilities, or the issue of the allocation of parental
15responsibilities has been reserved under Section 401, the court
16shall make the determination. The court shall allocate to one
17or both of the parents the significant decision-making
18responsibility for each significant issue affecting the child.
19Those significant issues shall include, without limitation,
20the following:
21        (1) Education, including the choice of schools and
22    tutors.
23        (2) Health, including all decisions relating to the
24    medical, dental, and psychological needs of the child and
25    to the treatments arising or resulting from those needs.

 

 

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1        (3) Religion, subject to the following provisions:
2            (A) The court shall allocate decision-making
3        responsibility for the child's religious upbringing in
4        accordance with any express or implied agreement
5        between the parents.
6            (B) The court shall consider evidence of the
7        parents' past conduct as to the child's religious
8        upbringing in allocating decision-making
9        responsibilities consistent with demonstrated past
10        conduct in the absence of an express or implied
11        agreement between the parents.
12            (C) The court shall not allocate any aspect of the
13        child's religious upbringing if it determines that the
14        parents do not or did not have an express or implied
15        agreement for such religious upbringing or that there
16        is insufficient evidence to demonstrate a course of
17        conduct regarding the child's religious upbringing
18        that could serve as a basis for any such order.
19        (4) Extracurricular activities.
20    (c) Determination of child's best interests. In
21determining the child's best interests for purposes of
22allocating significant decision-making responsibilities, the
23court shall consider all relevant factors, including, without
24limitation, the following:
25        (1) the wishes of the child, taking into account the
26    child's maturity and ability to express reasoned and

 

 

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1    independent preferences as to decision-making;
2        (2) the child's adjustment to his or her home, school,
3    and community;
4        (3) the mental and physical health of all individuals
5    involved;
6        (4) the ability of the parents to cooperate to make
7    decisions, or the level of conflict between the parties
8    that may affect their ability to share decision-making;
9        (5) the level of each parent's participation in past
10    significant decision-making with respect to the child;
11        (6) any prior agreement or course of conduct between
12    the parents relating to decision-making with respect to the
13    child;
14        (7) the wishes of the parents;
15        (8) the child's needs;
16        (9) the distance between the parents' residences, the
17    cost and difficulty of transporting the child, each
18    parent's and the child's daily schedules, and the ability
19    of the parents to cooperate in the arrangement;
20        (10) whether a restriction on decision-making is
21    appropriate under Section 603.10;
22        (11) the willingness and ability of each parent to
23    facilitate and encourage a close and continuing
24    relationship between the other parent and the child;
25        (12) the physical violence or threat of physical
26    violence by the child's parent directed against the child;

 

 

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1        (13) the occurrence of abuse against the child or other
2    member of the child's household;
3        (14) whether one of the parents is a sex offender, and
4    if so, the exact nature of the offense and what, if any,
5    treatment in which the parent has successfully
6    participated; and
7        (15) any other factor that the court expressly finds to
8    be relevant.
9    (d) A parent shall have sole responsibility for making
10routine decisions with respect to the child and for emergency
11decisions affecting the child's health and safety during that
12parent's parenting time.
13    (e) In allocating significant decision-making
14responsibilities, the court shall not consider conduct of a
15parent that does not affect that parent's relationship to the
16child.
17(Source: P.A. 99-90, eff. 1-1-16.)
 
18    (750 ILCS 5/602.7)
19    Sec. 602.7. Allocation of parental responsibilities:
20parenting time.
21    (a) Allocation of parenting time. Best interests. The court
22shall allocate parenting time according to the child's best
23interests. Unless the parents present a mutually agreed written
24parenting plan and that plan is approved by the court, the
25court shall allocate parenting time. There is a rebuttable

 

 

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1presumption that it is in the child's best interests to award
2equal time to each parent. In determining the child's best
3interests for purposes of allocating parenting time, the court
4shall consider all relevant factors, including, without
5limitation, the following:
6        (1) the wishes of each parent seeking parenting time;
7        (2) the wishes of the child, taking into account the
8    child's maturity and ability to express reasoned and
9    independent preferences as to parenting time;
10        (3) the amount of time each parent spent performing
11    caretaking functions with respect to the child in the 24
12    months preceding the filing of any petition for allocation
13    of parental responsibilities or, if the child is under 2
14    years of age, since the child's birth;
15        (4) any prior agreement or course of conduct between
16    the parents relating to caretaking functions with respect
17    to the child;
18        (5) the interaction and interrelationship of the child
19    with his or her parents and siblings and with any other
20    person who may significantly affect the child's best
21    interests;
22        (6) the child's adjustment to his or her home, school,
23    and community;
24        (7) the mental and physical health of all individuals
25    involved;
26        (8) the child's needs;

 

 

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1        (9) the distance between the parents' residences, the
2    cost and difficulty of transporting the child, each
3    parent's and the child's daily schedules, and the ability
4    of the parents to cooperate in the arrangement;
5        (10) whether a restriction on parenting time is
6    appropriate;
7        (11) the physical violence or threat of physical
8    violence by the child's parent directed against the child
9    or other member of the child's household;
10        (12) the willingness and ability of each parent to
11    place the needs of the child ahead of his or her own needs;
12        (13) the willingness and ability of each parent to
13    facilitate and encourage a close and continuing
14    relationship between the other parent and the child;
15        (14) the occurrence of abuse against the child or other
16    member of the child's household;
17        (15) whether one of the parents is a convicted sex
18    offender or lives with a convicted sex offender and, if so,
19    the exact nature of the offense and what if any treatment
20    the offender has successfully participated in; the parties
21    are entitled to a hearing on the issues raised in this
22    paragraph (15);
23        (16) the terms of a parent's military family-care plan
24    that a parent must complete before deployment if a parent
25    is a member of the United States Armed Forces who is being
26    deployed; and

 

 

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1        (17) any other factor that the court expressly finds to
2    be relevant.
3    If the court deviates from the presumption contained in
4this subsection, the court shall issue a written decision
5stating its specific findings of fact and conclusions of law in
6support of the deviation from the presumption.
7    (b) Restrictions Allocation of parenting time. Unless the
8parents present a mutually agreed written parenting plan and
9that plan is approved by the court, the court shall allocate
10parenting time. It is presumed both parents are fit and the
11court shall not place any restrictions on parenting time as
12defined in Section 600 and described in Section 603.10, unless
13it finds by a preponderance of the evidence that a parent's
14exercise of parenting time would seriously endanger the child's
15physical, mental, moral, or emotional health. If the court
16deviates from the presumption contained in this subsection, the
17court shall issue a written decision stating its specific
18findings of fact and conclusions of law in support of the
19deviation from the presumption.
20    In determining the child's best interests for purposes of
21allocating parenting time, the court shall consider all
22relevant factors, including, without limitation, the
23following:
24        (1) the wishes of each parent seeking parenting time;
25        (2) the wishes of the child, taking into account the
26    child's maturity and ability to express reasoned and

 

 

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1    independent preferences as to parenting time;
2        (3) the amount of time each parent spent performing
3    caretaking functions with respect to the child in the 24
4    months preceding the filing of any petition for allocation
5    of parental responsibilities or, if the child is under 2
6    years of age, since the child's birth;
7        (4) any prior agreement or course of conduct between
8    the parents relating to caretaking functions with respect
9    to the child;
10        (5) the interaction and interrelationship of the child
11    with his or her parents and siblings and with any other
12    person who may significantly affect the child's best
13    interests;
14        (6) the child's adjustment to his or her home, school,
15    and community;
16        (7) the mental and physical health of all individuals
17    involved;
18        (8) the child's needs;
19        (9) the distance between the parents' residences, the
20    cost and difficulty of transporting the child, each
21    parent's and the child's daily schedules, and the ability
22    of the parents to cooperate in the arrangement;
23        (10) whether a restriction on parenting time is
24    appropriate;
25        (11) the physical violence or threat of physical
26    violence by the child's parent directed against the child

 

 

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1    or other member of the child's household;
2        (12) the willingness and ability of each parent to
3    place the needs of the child ahead of his or her own needs;
4        (13) the willingness and ability of each parent to
5    facilitate and encourage a close and continuing
6    relationship between the other parent and the child;
7        (14) the occurrence of abuse against the child or other
8    member of the child's household;
9        (15) whether one of the parents is a convicted sex
10    offender or lives with a convicted sex offender and, if so,
11    the exact nature of the offense and what if any treatment
12    the offender has successfully participated in; the parties
13    are entitled to a hearing on the issues raised in this
14    paragraph (15);
15        (16) the terms of a parent's military family-care plan
16    that a parent must complete before deployment if a parent
17    is a member of the United States Armed Forces who is being
18    deployed; and
19        (17) any other factor that the court expressly finds to
20    be relevant.
21    (c) In allocating parenting time, the court shall not
22consider conduct of a parent that does not affect that parent's
23relationship to the child.
24    (d) Upon motion, the court may allow a parent who is
25deployed or who has orders to be deployed as a member of the
26United States Armed Forces to designate a person known to the

 

 

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1child to exercise reasonable substitute visitation on behalf of
2the deployed parent, if the court determines that substitute
3visitation is in the best interests of the child. In
4determining whether substitute visitation is in the best
5interests of the child, the court shall consider all of the
6relevant factors listed in subsection (b) of this Section and
7apply those factors to the person designated as a substitute
8for the deployed parent for visitation purposes. Visitation
9orders entered under this subsection are subject to subsections
10(e) and (f) of Section 602.9 and subsections (c) and (d) of
11Section 603.10.
12    (e) If the street address of a parent is not identified
13pursuant to Section 708 of this Act, the court shall require
14the parties to identify reasonable alternative arrangements
15for parenting time by the other parent including, but not
16limited to, parenting time of the minor child at the residence
17of another person or at a local public or private facility.
18(Source: P.A. 99-90, eff. 1-1-16.)
 
19    (750 ILCS 5/602.10)
20    Sec. 602.10. Parenting plan.
21    (a) Filing of parenting plan. All parents, within 120 days
22after service or filing of any petition for allocation of
23parental responsibilities, must file with the court, either
24jointly or separately, a proposed parenting plan. The time
25period for filing a parenting plan may be extended by the court

 

 

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1for good cause shown. If no appearance has been filed by the
2respondent, no parenting plan is required unless ordered by the
3court.
4    (b) No parenting plan filed. In the absence of filing of
5one or more parenting plans, the court must conduct an
6evidentiary hearing to allocate parental responsibilities.
7    (c) Mediation. The court shall order mediation to assist
8the parents in formulating or modifying a parenting plan or in
9implementing a parenting plan unless the court determines that
10impediments to mediation exist. Costs under this subsection
11shall be allocated between the parties pursuant to the
12applicable statute or Supreme Court Rule.
13    (d) Parents' agreement on parenting plan. The parenting
14plan must be in writing and signed by both parents. The parents
15must submit the parenting plan to the court for approval within
16120 days after service of a petition for allocation of parental
17responsibilities or the filing of an appearance, except for
18good cause shown. Notwithstanding the provisions above, the
19parents may agree upon and submit a parenting plan at any time
20after the commencement of a proceeding until prior to the entry
21of a judgment of dissolution of marriage. The agreement is
22binding upon the court unless it finds, after considering the
23circumstances of the parties and any other relevant evidence
24produced by the parties, that the agreement is not in the best
25interests of the child. If the court does not approve the
26parenting plan, the court shall make express findings of the

 

 

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1reason or reasons for its refusal to approve the plan. The
2court, on its own motion, may conduct an evidentiary hearing to
3determine whether the parenting plan is in the child's best
4interests.
5    (e) Parents cannot agree on parenting plan. When parents
6fail to submit an agreed parenting plan, each parent must file
7and submit a written, signed parenting plan to the court within
8120 days after the filing of an appearance, except for good
9cause shown. The court's determination of parenting time should
10be based on the child's best interests, and it is presumed that
11it is in the child's best interests to award equal time to each
12parent. The filing of the plan may be excused by the court if:
13        (1) the parties have commenced mediation for the
14    purpose of formulating a parenting plan; or
15        (2) the parents have agreed in writing to extend the
16    time for filing a proposed plan and the court has approved
17    such an extension; or
18        (3) the court orders otherwise for good cause shown.
19    (f) Parenting plan contents. At a minimum, a parenting plan
20must set forth the following:
21        (1) an allocation of significant decision-making
22    responsibilities;
23        (2) provisions for the child's living arrangements and
24    for each parent's parenting time, including either:
25            (A) a schedule that designates in which parent's
26        home the minor child will reside on given days; or

 

 

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1            (B) a formula or method for determining such a
2        schedule in sufficient detail to be enforced in a
3        subsequent proceeding;
4        (3) a mediation provision addressing any proposed
5    reallocation of parenting time or regarding the terms of
6    allocation of parental responsibilities, except that this
7    provision is not required if one parent is allocated all
8    significant decision-making responsibilities;
9        (4) each parent's right of access to medical, dental,
10    and psychological records (subject to the Mental Health and
11    Developmental Disabilities Confidentiality Act), child
12    care records, and school and extracurricular records,
13    reports, and schedules, unless expressly denied by a court
14    order or denied under Section 602.11;
15        (5) a designation of the parent who will be denominated
16    as the parent with the majority of parenting time for
17    purposes of Section 606.10;
18        (6) the child's residential address for school
19    enrollment purposes only;
20        (7) each parent's residence address and phone number,
21    and each parent's place of employment and employment
22    address and phone number;
23        (8) a requirement that a parent changing his or her
24    residence provide at least 60 days prior written notice of
25    the change to any other parent under the parenting plan or
26    allocation judgment, unless such notice is impracticable

 

 

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1    or unless otherwise ordered by the court. If such notice is
2    impracticable, written notice shall be given at the
3    earliest date practicable. At a minimum, the notice shall
4    set forth the following:
5            (A) the intended date of the change of residence;
6        and
7            (B) the address of the new residence;
8        (9) provisions requiring each parent to notify the
9    other of emergencies, health care, travel plans, or other
10    significant child-related issues;
11        (10) transportation arrangements between the parents;
12        (11) provisions for communications, including
13    electronic communications, with the child during the other
14    parent's parenting time;
15        (12) provisions for resolving issues arising from a
16    parent's future relocation, if applicable;
17        (13) provisions for future modifications of the
18    parenting plan, if specified events occur;
19        (14) provisions for the exercise of the right of first
20    refusal, if so desired, that are consistent with the best
21    interests of the minor child; provisions in the plan for
22    the exercise of the right of first refusal must include:
23            (i) the length and kind of child-care requirements
24        invoking the right of first refusal;
25            (ii) notification to the other parent and for his
26        or her response;

 

 

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1            (iii) transportation requirements; and
2            (iv) any other provision related to the exercise of
3        the right of first refusal necessary to protect and
4        promote the best interests of the minor child; and
5        (15) any other provision that addresses the child's
6    best interests or that will otherwise facilitate
7    cooperation between the parents.
8    The personal information under items (6), (7), and (8) of
9this subsection is not required if there is evidence of or the
10parenting plan states that there is a history of domestic
11violence or abuse, or it is shown that the release of the
12information is not in the child's or parent's best interests.
13    (g) The court shall conduct a trial or hearing to determine
14a plan which maximizes the child's relationship and access to
15both parents and shall ensure that the access and the overall
16plan are in the best interests of the child. The court shall
17take the parenting plans into consideration when determining
18parenting time and responsibilities at trial or hearing.
19    (h) The court may consider, consistent with the best
20interests of the child as defined in Section 602.7 of this Act,
21whether to award to one or both of the parties the right of
22first refusal in accordance with Section 602.3 of this Act.
23(Source: P.A. 99-90, eff. 1-1-16; 99-763, eff. 1-1-17.)
 
24    (750 ILCS 5/603.10)
25    Sec. 603.10. Restriction of parental responsibilities.

 

 

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1    (a) After a hearing, if the court finds by a preponderance
2of the evidence that a parent engaged in any conduct that
3seriously endangered the child's mental, moral, or physical
4health or that significantly impaired the child's emotional
5development, the court shall enter orders as necessary to
6protect the child. The court shall issue a written decision
7stating its specific findings of fact and conclusions of law in
8support of its ruling. Such orders may include, but are not
9limited to, orders for one or more of the following:
10        (1) a reduction, elimination, or other adjustment of
11    the parent's decision-making responsibilities or parenting
12    time, or both decision-making responsibilities and
13    parenting time;
14        (2) supervision, including ordering the Department of
15    Children and Family Services to exercise continuing
16    supervision under Section 5 of the Children and Family
17    Services Act;
18        (3) requiring the exchange of the child between the
19    parents through an intermediary or in a protected setting;
20        (4) restraining a parent's communication with or
21    proximity to the other parent or the child;
22        (5) requiring a parent to abstain from possessing or
23    consuming alcohol or non-prescribed drugs while exercising
24    parenting time with the child and within a specified period
25    immediately preceding the exercise of parenting time;
26        (6) restricting the presence of specific persons while

 

 

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1    a parent is exercising parenting time with the child;
2        (7) requiring a parent to post a bond to secure the
3    return of the child following the parent's exercise of
4    parenting time or to secure other performance required by
5    the court;
6        (8) requiring a parent to complete a treatment program
7    for perpetrators of abuse, for drug or alcohol abuse, or
8    for other behavior that is the basis for restricting
9    parental responsibilities under this Section; and
10        (9) any other constraints or conditions that the court
11    deems necessary to provide for the child's safety or
12    welfare.
13    (b) The court may modify an order restricting parental
14responsibilities if, after a hearing, the court finds by a
15preponderance of the evidence that a modification is in the
16child's best interests based on (i) a change of circumstances
17that occurred after the entry of an order restricting parental
18responsibilities; or (ii) conduct of which the court was
19previously unaware that seriously endangers the child. In
20determining whether to modify an order under this subsection,
21the court must consider factors that include, but need not be
22limited to, the following:
23        (1) abuse, neglect, or abandonment of the child;
24        (2) abusing or allowing abuse of another person that
25    had an impact upon the child;
26        (3) use of drugs, alcohol, or any other substance in a

 

 

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1    way that interferes with the parent's ability to perform
2    caretaking functions with respect to the child; and
3        (4) persistent continuing interference with the other
4    parent's access to the child, except for actions taken with
5    a reasonable, good-faith belief that they are necessary to
6    protect the child's safety pending adjudication of the
7    facts underlying that belief, provided that the
8    interfering parent initiates a proceeding to determine
9    those facts as soon as practicable.
10    (c) An order granting parenting time to a parent or
11visitation to another person may be revoked by the court if
12that parent or other person is found to have knowingly used his
13or her parenting time or visitation to facilitate contact
14between the child and a parent who has been barred from contact
15with the child or to have knowingly used his or her parenting
16time or visitation to facilitate contact with the child that
17violates any restrictions imposed on a parent's parenting time
18by a court of competent jurisdiction. Nothing in this
19subsection limits a court's authority to enforce its orders in
20any other manner authorized by law.
21    (d) If parenting time of a parent is restricted, an order
22granting visitation to a non-parent with a child or an order
23granting parenting time to the other parent shall contain the
24following language:
25        "If a person granted parenting time or visitation under
26    this order uses that time to facilitate contact between the

 

 

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1    child and a parent whose parenting time is restricted, or
2    if such a person violates any restrictions placed on
3    parenting time or visitation by the court, the parenting
4    time or visitation granted under this order shall be
5    revoked until further order of court."
6    (e) A parent who, after a hearing, is determined by the
7court to have been convicted of any offense involving an
8illegal sex act perpetrated upon a victim less than 18 years of
9age, including but not limited to an offense under Article 11
10of the Criminal Code of 2012, is not entitled to parenting time
11while incarcerated or while on parole, probation, conditional
12discharge, periodic imprisonment, or mandatory supervised
13release for a felony offense, until the parent complies with
14such terms and conditions as the court determines are in the
15child's best interests, taking into account the exact nature of
16the offense and what, if any, treatment in which the parent
17successfully participated.
18    (f) A parent may not, while the child is present, visit any
19person granted visitation or parenting time who has been
20convicted of first degree murder, unless the court finds, after
21considering all relevant factors, including those set forth in
22subsection (b) of Section 602.7, that it would be in the
23child's best interests to allow the child to be present during
24such a visit.
25(Source: P.A. 99-90, eff. 1-1-16.)